M1 Drugs

Question 1

Morphine

Answer 1

Opioid
mu receptor
For acute pain, anti-inflammatory effects
Adverse effects
- histamine release and hypotension after IV
- resp depression

Question 2

Hydromorphone

Answer 2

Opioid 
mu receptor 
For acute pain or preanesthetic 
Emetic 
Long-acting SQ formulation 
No histamine release 
Resp depression, bradycardia, increased intracranial pressure

Question 3

Meperidine

Answer 3

Opioid
mu receptor and weak kappa
Acute pain and preanesthetic
has some atropine-like effects: increases heart rate
Resp depression
Need to give IV slowly to avoid severe hypotension

Question 4

Fentanyl

Answer 4

Opioid
mu receptor
Acute pain
In transdermal patches
Dose related respiratory and CNS depression
Very lipid soluble
Watch for heat packs increasing absorption = toxicity

Question 5

Butorphanol

Answer 5

Opioid 
kappa agonist and partial mu agonist 
Pre and post operative pain 
Mild-moderate pain 
Not effective monoanalgesic 
Ceiling effect at high doses

Question 6

Buprenorphine

Answer 6

Opioid 
Partial mu activity 
Pre and Post operative pain 
Mild-moderate pain 
Can be difficult to reverse w/ naloxone

Question 7

Tramadol

Answer 7

Opioid
Inhibits neuronal reuptake of NE and serotonin
Acute and chronic pain

Question 8

Naloxone

Answer 8

Opioid
mu, kappa, and delta antagonist
Reversal of opioid effects
High doses can cause catecholamine-related cardiac arrhythmia = vasoconstriction and pulmonary edema

Question 9

Acetycylic Acid (Aspirin)

Answer 9

NSAID
Chronic pain; acute pain in some situations
Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory
Contraindicated in patiens w/ acute GI bleeds
Low grade teratogen

Question 10

Flunixin meglumine (Banamine)

Answer 10

NSAID 
Acute and chronic pain (visceral and musculoskeletal) 
Pyrexia 
Controls inflammation in endotoxemia 
Clostridial myostitis in horses

Question 11

Ketoprofen (Ketofen, Anafen)

Answer 11

NSAID
Acute and chronic pain associated w/ musculoskeletal disorders
Use in cats for FLUT
Teratogen in late pregnancy

Question 12

Ketorolac

Answer 12

NSAID

Mild to moderate pain, short-term analgesia

Question 13

Phenylbutasone

Answer 13

NSAID 
Acute and chronic lameness in horses 
most common NSAID used in horses 
Significant drug accumulation (every other day administration recommended) 
DO NOT USE IN FOOD ANIMALS

Question 14

Carprofen (Rimadyl)

Answer 14

NSAID
Pain, inflammation, osteoarthritis, post-op pain
Antineoplastic effects in dogs

Question 15

Etodolac

Answer 15

NSAID
Pain and inflammation in dogs
Safety not established in dogs less than yr or in breeding, pregnant or lactating

Question 16

Meloxicam

Answer 16

NSAID
Acute and chronic pain and inflammation
Postoperative pain and inflammation associated w/ orthopedic surgery
Pre-emtive in ovariohysterectomy and castration
osteoarthritis most common use

Question 17

Deracoxib

Answer 17

NSAID
Pain and inflammation in dogs
Chronic osteoarthritis, orthopedic post-op pain

Question 18

Firocoxib (Previcox, Equioxx)

Answer 18

NSAID
USA only
pain and inflammation associated w/ osteoarthritis

Question 19

Robenacoxib

Answer 19

NSAID

pain and inflammation associated w/ osteoarthritis

Question 20

Acetominophen (Tylenol)

Answer 20

NSAID
Analgesia but not anti-inflammatory
DO NOT GIVE TO CATS
Effectiveness in dogs is anecdotal

Question 21

Grapiprant (Galliprant)

Answer 21

NSAID

osteoarthritis in dogs

Question 22

Detomidine

Answer 22

a2 Agonist
dose dependent analgesia for moderate pain
Used mainly in horses
30-90 mins of sedation

Question 23

Dexmedetomidine

Answer 23

a2 Agonist
Dogs and cats
Usually used in combo
Bradycardia and resp depression

Question 24

Medetomidine

Answer 24

a2 Agonist

dogs and cats dose dependent sedation and usually used in combo

Question 25

Romifidine

Answer 25

a2 Agonist 
clinical examination and procedures 
For minor surgical procedures 
Onset 5 mins IV 
Sedation 1-3hrs and analgesia 60-90 mins

Question 26

Xylazine

Answer 26

a2 Agonist
somatic and visceral analgesia
In horses provides superior visceral analgesia compared to meperidine, butorphanol and pentazocine

Question 27

Acepromazine

Answer 27

Dopamine antagonist

can reverse dysphoria