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BIO 30.01 > M1: Introduction to Biophysics > Flashcards

M1: Introduction to Biophysics Flashcards

1
Q

Introduce Biophysics

A

Helmholtz, Brucke, and Ludwig

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2
Q

Publish the first book in Biophysics

A

Adolf Fick

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3
Q

What is the origin of Biophysics?

A

Story of fireflies which relates physical concepts, biological phenomena and physics

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4
Q

Who coined the term ‘Biophysics’?

A

Karl Pearson

In the book ‘Grammar of Science’ which discusses the missing link betwee

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5
Q

This discusses the relationship between biological organisms, bioluminiscence, and physics concepts such as blood flow

A

‘What is life’ by E. Schrodinger

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6
Q

It is used in the study of minerals and biophysics

A

X-Ray Diffraction

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7
Q

First concepts in Biophysics

A

Electromagnetic fields, light, and effect of radiation in living beings

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8
Q

Who developed the X-Ray Diffraction of DNA?

A

Rosalind Franklin

This is during 1946.

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9
Q

This study is younger than biophysics and studies algorithm

A

Mathematical Biology

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10
Q

This study is under Biophysics and used to create and develop vaccines

A

Computational Biology

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11
Q

They establish the structure of DNA

A

Francis Crick and James Watson

This is during 1953.

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12
Q

What biophysics techniques are discovered in the 20th century?

A

Vaccines, Radiation theraphy, and Pacemakers

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13
Q

How is vaccine discovered?

A

Inoculation

Currently, computational biology and bioinformatics are used.

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14
Q

What is the current focus of Biophysics?

A

Earth’s changing climate

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15
Q

This studies and develops innovations for Earth sustainability

Includes development of biofuel from microorganisms.

A

Green Science

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16
Q

Sensitive electrical instrument uses to detect voltage.

The electrical connections are connected to the nerve

A

Frog Galvanoscope

It is a dicovery out of jealousy.

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17
Q

Who discovered the biological battery through frog leg?

A

Luigi Galvani

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18
Q

Who discovered the inorganic battery through REDOX reaction?

A

Alessandro Volta

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19
Q

What is the composition of inorganic battery?

A

Copper and Zinc/Lithium

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20
Q

What are the three conclusions drawn from Frog Galvanoscope?

A
  1. Frog legs are sensitive enough to detect electricity.
  2. All biological systems are electricity driven.
  3. Invention of first battery-spark of life.
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21
Q

A study that is formed after frog galvanoscope experiment

A

Bioelectricity

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22
Q

This is a branch of knowledge that applies principles of physics and chemistry and the methods of mathematical analysis and computer modeling to understand how biological system works .

A

Biophysics

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23
Q

Biophysics based on relative size of subject

A
  1. Molecular and Subcellular Biophysics
  2. Physiological and Anatomical Biophysics
  3. Environmental Biophysics
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24
Q

Involves biophysical studies of molecules and subcellular functions

A

Molecular and Subcellular Biophysics

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25
Structure and Conformation of biological molecules
Molecular and Subcellular Biophysics
26
DNA and DNA binding
Molecular and Subellular Biophysics
27
Statistical mechanics, kinematics, and molecular machines
Molecular and Subellular Biophysics
28
Studies living movement
Physiological and Anatomical Biophysics
29
What is echolocation?
Determines the location of an object
30
It can help understand the movement and migration of the cell
Atomic Force Microscopy
31
Heat and Temperature of Biophysics
Environmental Biophysics
32
Mass Exchange
Environmental Biophysics
33
Radiation Biophysics
Environmental Biophysics
34
Environmental Bioengineering
Environmental Biophysics
35
Production of Biofuel
Environmental Biophysics
36
Biophysics based on biophysical techniques and applications
1. Electrophoresis 2. Spectroscopy 3. Mass Spectroscopy 4. X-Ray Crystallography 5. NMR 6. EM
37
Separation of molecules
Electrophoresis
38
This signifies the separation of charges, localized positive and localized negatives | Movement from negative to positive
Electric Field
39
Involves EM Radiation and measuring intensity
Spectroscopy
40
Measures mass of molecules
Mass spectrometry
41
Determines relative position of atoms within crystals
X-Ray Crystallography
42
Structure elucidation of organic molecules
Nuclear Magnetic Radiation or NMR
43
Why is NMR in a vaccum?
To avoid traces of metal to reach the magnet
44
Difference between NMR and MRI
NMR - molecules ; MRI - organs
45
Views very, very small objects in very high resolution
EM
46
What is the motion of atoms and molecules?
Random and Constant Motion | Also known as Brownian Motion, which stops at 0 K = 273 C
47
Where is the rate of response of molecules to external force are dependent on?
Mass, Charge, and Energy
48
Which force does atoms and molecules responds to?
Gravitational Force
49
What is the response of a person's mass in respect to gravity?
Grounded in the ground
50
What is measured in EM radiation?
Speed, Amplitude, Frequency, Polarization, Absorbance, and Emission
51
What does EMR and Biological Matter informs?
1. Structure - Position/Vibration of atoms 2. Dynamics - Movement of atoms
52
What is Einsteins' equation?
E = mc^2
53
A very small submolecules can produce tremendous energy
Nuclear fission and fusion
54
What is the spontaniety of convesion of matter to energy?
Spontaneous and Stable
55
Which is more spontaneous, "energy to matter" or "matter to energy"?
Matter to Energy
56
It is not matter just an expression of energy | This does not have actual energy
Photons
57
This is maximize for stability
Enthrophy maximization
58
What governs the conversion from solid to liquid and vice versa in organic matter?
Heat
59
What is the nature of matter?
Matter > Atoms > Particles
60
Same type of atom with same number of proton
Element
61
Same protons, different number of neutrons
Isotope
62
What is the number of atoms in a biological system?
Greater than 10^20
63
This exhibits both solid and fluid features
Biological materials
64
This is ordered but has the ability to move liquid crystals
Membrane
65
This is solid but can be deformed
Cytoplasm
66
It is used to represent very large or very small number
Exponential Notation
67
It is important in describing the accuracy and reliability of measurements
Significant Figures
68
How is radiation theraphy used?
To kill cancer cells
69
What is pacemakers?
Heart substitute

BIO 30.01 (2 decks)

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