M1: Pain

Question 0

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. It is both a sensation and emotion as it is accompanied by anxiety and the urge to escape or terminate the feeling.

Answer 0

Pain

Question 1

The ability to experience pain is essential for

Answer 1

Protection from Injury

Question 2

Associated with risk of tissue damage due to undiscovered injury.

Answer 2

Insensitivity to Pain

Question 3

Should be recognized as a human right

Answer 3

Relief from Pain

Question 4

Should be considered a disease in its own right

Answer 4

Chronic Pain

Question 5

Should have the full status of a specialty

Answer 5

Pain medicine

Question 6

Transmit pain impulses

Answer 6

A-delta & C fibers

Question 7

Transmit light touch

Answer 7

A-beta

Question 8

In the presence of inflammatory mediators, primary afferents. Have lower thresholds for pain, increased frequency of firing and become sensitive to certain stimuli which usually do not cause pain.

Answer 8

Sentisization

Question 9

Contribute to the process of Sensitization

Answer 9

Inflammatory mediators

Question 10

Examples of Inflammatory mediators

Answer 10

Prostaglandin, Leukotrienes, Bradykinin & Nerve GF “PaLaBaN”

Question 11

Have a neuroeffector function and not just passive messengers of threats to tissues.

Answer 11

Primary Afferent Nociceptors

Question 12

When activated, some nociceptors may release polypeptide mediators such as Substance P causing vasodilation, degranulation of mast cells, attracts leukocytes and increases production of inflammatory mediators.

Answer 12

Nociceptor-Induced Inflammation

Question 13

Subserves the sensory aspect of pain

Answer 13

Thalamus

Question 14

Subserves the emotional aspect of pain

Answer 14

Higher Cortical Levels

Question 15

Five categories of Pain

Answer 15

Duration & Severity, Anatomical location, Body system involved, Cause and Temporal characteristics “DAB CT”

Question 16

Pain that is of recent onset and resolves quickly

Answer 16

Acute

Question 17

Pain that lasts a long time. Pain that extends beyond the expected period do healing.

Answer 17

Chronic

Question 18

More than 6months

Answer 18

Chronic

Question 19

Within 1-6 months

Answer 19

Subacute

Question 20

Less than 6 months

Answer 20

Acute

Question 21

Diabetic neuropathy & cancer pain are examples of

Answer 21

Chronic pain

Question 22

Postherpetic Neuralgia & Osteoarthritis are examples of

Answer 22

Chronic pain

Question 23

Needle prick, Venipuncture & Dysmenorrhea

Answer 23

Acute pain

Question 24

Is different from person to person and within the same person depending on the context

Answer 24

Subjective perception of Pain

Question 25

Is the most reliable measure of pain, with health professionals tending to underestimate severity

Answer 25

A person's self-report

Question 26

Worst headache of your life. Thunderclap headache.

Answer 26

Ruptured cerebral aneurysm leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 27

Observe for specific behaviors in nonverbal patients

Answer 27

Grimacing, Guarding & Crying "GGC"

Question 28

Type of Pain according to SYSTEM

Answer 28

Myofascial, Ischemic/Vascular, Rheumatic & Neuropathic Pain "MIRN"

Question 29

Pain arising from a perturbation of the body

Answer 29

Somatogenic

Question 30

Pain arising from a perturbation of the mind. Diagnosis usually made when all physical/organic causes have been ruled out.

Answer 30

Psychogenic

Question 31

Type of Somatogenic pain caused by damage or disease affecting the nervous system

Answer 31

Neuropathic

Question 32

Type of Somatogenic pain due to stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond only to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (thermal, mechanical, chemical or superficial somatic, deep somatic & visceral)

Answer 32

Nociceptive

Question 33

Nociceptive pain that Involves the skin

Answer 33

Superficial somatic

Question 34

Nociceptive pain that involves internal organs

Answer 34

Visceral

Question 35

Nociceptive pain that involves muscles and joints

Answer 35

Deep somatic

Question 36

Frostbite, First & Second degree burns, sipping hot coffee & holding a piece of dry ice are examples of

Answer 36

Thermal Nociceptive Pain

Question 37

Fracture, Bump on head, Liver abscess distending the Glisson's capsule, Open wound and Dog bite are examples of

Answer 37

Mechanical Nociceptive pain

Question 38

Alcohol on an open wound, Acid thrown on the face and Muriatic acid ingestion are examples of

Answer 38

Chemical Nociceptive Pain

Question 39

Involves the skin (superficial), joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments (deep) Usually sharp, well defined and easy to localize.

Answer 39

Somatic pain

Question 40

Nociception from a visceral organ is sensed to be coming from an area distant from the site of the stimulus

Answer 40

Referred pain

Question 41

Usually dull, vague and difficult to localize. Involves the internal organs.

Answer 41

Visceral pain

Question 42

Two nerve pain fibers converge and enters on the DRG at the same time

Answer 42

Convergence Theory of Referred Pain

Question 43

Burning, Tingling, Pins and Needles pain sensation usually associated with diabetic neuropathy.

Answer 43

Neuropathic pain

Question 44

Pain perceived to be from a part of the body that has been lost or from which the brain no longer receives signals. A type of neuropathic pain which is commonly experienced by amputees.

Answer 44

Phantom pain

Question 45

In phantom pain, this may relieve pain.

Answer 45

Local anaesthetic injection into the nerves of the stump

Question 46

Pain relief in the form of excitement from sport

Answer 46

Episodic Analgesia

Question 47

Abilitiy to recognize pain may be blunted by illness or drugs in this age group. May lead to depression, decline self care and not doing ADLs. Fear of surgery, not want others to see them as weak & pain is considered as punishment fro previous transgressions.

Answer 47

Elderly

Question 48

Teach that pain should be tolerated and is a punishment for sins. They feel that pain is a signal that death is near.

Answer 48

Some Religions

Question 49

Expected to be emotional and show pain

Answer 49

Women

Question 50

Are expected to be stoic, keeping pain to themselves.

Answer 50

Women