M1 Science 2 Term 3 Finals Vocab

Question 1

What makes up the muscles in living organisms?

Answer 1

Proteins (meat, fish, eggs)

Question 2

What is used as a source of fast energy?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates (rice, bread)

Question 3

What makes up the bodies of living organisms?

Answer 3

Lipids (long-term energy)

Question 4

What is needed to make proteins?

Answer 4

Amino Acids

Question 5

What is the process of physically reducing the size of food called?

Answer 5

Mechanical Digestion (grinding)

Question 6

What is the process of chemically breaking down food called?

Answer 6

Chemical Digestion (into small molecules)

Question 7

What is the gentle squeezing motion that occurs in the Oesophagus called?

Answer 7

Peristalsis

Question 8

What is the inner wall of the small intestine covered in?

Answer 8

Villi

Question 9

What is the name of the small pieces of protein that can help reaction in the body to happen?

Answer 9

Enzymes

Question 10

What is the name of the enzymes that are made to fit with only one kind of molecule?

Answer 10

Substrate

Question 11

How do enzymes work?

Answer 11

Lock-and-Key System

Question 12

What enzyme turns starch into maltose?

Answer 12

Amylase (saliva)

Question 13

What enzyme is contained in GASTRIC JUICE and turns proteins into peptides?

Answer 13

Pepsin (stomach)

Question 14

What emulsifies fat so it can mix with water and other enzymes?

Answer 14

Bile (Gallbladder)

Question 15

What enzyme turns maltose into glucose?

Answer 15

Maltase (Pancreas)

Question 16

What enzyme turns protein into peptides and amino acids?

Answer 16

Trypsin (Pancreas)

Question 17

What enzyme turns fats into fatty acids and monoglycerides?

Answer 17

Lipase (Pancreas)

Question 18

What vessel is in the villi and carries lymph and white blood cells?

Answer 18

Lymphatic Vessels

Question 19

What is glucose turned into in the liver?

Answer 19

Glycogen (muscles for energy)

Question 20

What is it called when enzymes’ shapes change and can’t work anymore?

Answer 20

Denaturation

Question 21

What is the major liquid component of blood?

Answer 21

Plasma

Question 22

What is the name of the pieces of cells that are involved in blood clotting?

Answer 22

Platelets (smaller than Red and White)

Question 23

What is the name of the blood cells that carry oxygen and a protein called HAEMOGLOBIN

Answer 23

Red Blood Cells

Question 24

What is the name of the blood cells that work to kill bacteria and viruses in our body?

Answer 24

White Blood Cells (different shapes and sizes)

Question 25

What is the iron-containing molecules that can bond with oxygen and gives the red color to RBCs?

Answer 25

Haemoglobin

Question 26

What does plasma become when it leaks out of the capillaries?

Answer 26

Tissue Fluid (delivers nutrients, brings back waste)

Question 27

What does tissue fluid that goes into the lymphatic system become?

Answer 27

Lymph (contains immune system cells)

Question 28

What is the name of the blood vessel that leads away from the heart called?

Answer 28

Arteries ( moves a lot of blood with high pressure)

Question 29

What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart?

Answer 29

Veins

Question 30

What is the name of the blood vessel that allows nutrients and gases to be exchanged between cells and the blood stream?

Answer 30

Capillaries (smallest blood vessel)

Question 31

What is in veins and prevent blood from flowing the wrong way?

Answer 31

Valves

Question 32

What is the name of the top 2 chambers in the heart?

Answer 32

Atria (Atrium)

Question 33

What is the name of the bottom 2 chambers in the heart?

Answer 33

Ventricles

Question 34

What is the name of the main artery that sends blood to the body?

Answer 34

Aorta

Question 35

What is the name of the vein that carries the blood from the body to the heart?

Answer 35

Vena Cava (Superior,Inferior)

Question 36

What is the name of the circulatory system that pumps and receives oxygenated blood?

Answer 36

Body / Systemic Circuit (Left Ventricle -> Aorta ->Whole Body->Vena Cava->Right Atrium)

Question 37

What is the name of the circulatory system that pumps and receives deoxygenated blood?

Answer 37

Pulmonary Circuit (Right Ventricle->Pulmonary Artery->Lung->Pulmonary Vein->Left Atrium)

Question 38

What is the name of the artery that brings blood from the heart to the lungs?

Answer 38

Pulmonary Artery

Question 39

What is the name of the vein that brings blood form the heart to the lungs?

Answer 39

Pulmonary Veins

Question 40

What is the name of the oxygenated blood?

Answer 40

Arterial Blood

Question 41

What is the name of the deoxygenated blood?

Answer 41

Venous Blood

Question 42

What is another name for cellular respiration?

Answer 42

Internal Respiration (sugar+oxygen -> ATP energy +C02+H20)

Question 43

What is another name for gaseous exchange, where oxygen is breathed in and carbon dioxide is released out?

Answer 43

External Respiration

Question 44

Where does air pass through inorder to get into the lungs?

Answer 44

Trachea

Question 45

What does the Trachea branch into, that connects to the lungs?

Answer 45

Bronchi

Question 46

What does the bronchi branch into?

Answer 46

Bronchioles

Question 47

What is the air sacs at the end of bronchioles called?

Answer 47

Alveoli (where gas exchange takes place)

Question 48

What is the name of the muscle we use to breathe?

Answer 48

Diaphragm (works by changing the pressure inside the ribcage)