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Neuroscience > M10 V1 - Upper Motor Neurons & Descending Control Systems > Flashcards

M10 V1 - Upper Motor Neurons & Descending Control Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What type of neurons are located in DESCENDING CONTROL?

A. Unipolar neurons
B. Bipolar neurons
C. Upper motor neurons
D. Lower motor neurons

A

C. Upper motor neurons

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2
Q

What type of neurons are located in the LOCAL CIRCUIT NEURONS?

A. Unipolar neurons
B. Bipolar neurons
C. Upper motor neurons
D. Lower motor neurons

A

D. Lower motor neurons

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3
Q

Which of the following pertains to the DESCENDING CONTROL SYSTEM?

A. Spinal cord
B. Brainstem centers
C. Brainstem
D. Motor cortices

A

B. Brainstem centers
D. Motor Cortices

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4
Q

Which of the following pertains to the LOCAL CIRCUIT NEURONS?

A. Spinal cord
B. Brainstem centers
C. Brainstem
D. Motor cortices

A

A. Spinal cord
C. Brainstem

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5
Q

What is the function of the MOTOR CORTICES in descending control?

A. Planning & execution
B. Skilled voluntary movements
C. Rythmic movements
D. Eye movements

A

A. Planning & execution
B. Skilled voluntary movements

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6
Q

What is the function of the BRAINSTEM CENTERS in descending control?

A. Postural control
B. Skilled voluntary movements
C. Rythmic movements
D. Eye movements

A

A. Postural control
C. Rythmic movements
D. Eye movements

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7
Q

What are the components of the SPINAL CORD in local circuit neurons?

A. CN somatic nuclei
B. Lamina VIII (8)
C. Lamina IX (9)
D. All of the above

A

B. Lamina VIII (8)
C. Lamina IX (9)

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8
Q

What are the components of the BRAINSTEM in local circuit neurons?

A. CN somatic nuclei
B. Lamina VIII (8)
C. Lamina IX (9)
D. All of the above

A

A. CN somatic nuclei

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9
Q

What is the function of the BASAL NUCLEI?

A. Comparator
B. Coordinator
C. Gate keeper
D. Sensory input

A

C. Gate keeper

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10
Q

What is the function of the CEREBELLUM?

A. Comparator
B. Coordinator
C. Gate keeper
D. Sensory input

A

A. Comparator
B. Coordinator

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11
Q

The BRAINSTEM leads to which functions of the SKELETAL MUSCLE in the final motor pathway?

A. Face
B. Head
C. Axial
D. Appendicular

A

A. Face
B. Head

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12
Q

The SPINARL CORD leads to which functions of the SKELETAL MUSCLE in the final motor pathway?

A. Face
B. Head
C. Axial
D. Appendicular

A

C. Axial
D. Appendicular

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13
Q

What are TWO TYPES OF PROCESSING that occur within descending control?

A
  1. Serial Processing
  2. Parallel-distributed processing
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14
Q

Which of the following is SERIAL PROCESSING?

A. communication from one level of the hierarchy to the next level in the hierarchy.

B. communication is distributed as patterns of activation over a connected set of regions that function interactively and in parallel with one another.

A

A. communication from one level of the hierarchy to the next level in the hierarchy.

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15
Q

Which of the following is PARALLEL-DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING?

A. communication from one level of the hierarchy to the next level in the hierarchy.

B. communication is distributed as patterns of activation over a connected set of regions that function interactively and in parallel with one another.

A

B. communication is distributed as patterns of activation over a connected set of regions that function interactively and in parallel with one another.

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16
Q

Which of the following most accurately defines UPPER MOTOR NEURONS (UMN)?

A. Projection neurons located in the MOTOR CORTICES that modulate activity of local circuit neurons and LMNs

B. Projection neurons located in the MOTOR CORTICES AND BRAINSTEM that modulate activity of local circuit neurons and LMNs

C. Projection neurons located in the BRAINSTEM that modulate activity of local circuit neurons and LMNs

A

B. Projection neurons located in the MOTOR CORTICES AND BRAINSTEM that modulate activity of local circuit neurons and LMNs

17
Q

Which of the following tracts do the UMN in the CORTEX give rise to?

A. Reticulospinaltracts
B. Vestibulospinaltracts
C. Corticospinal tract
D. Corticonuclear tract

A

A. Reticulospinaltracts
B. Vestibulospinaltracts
C. Corticospinal tract
D. Corticonuclear tract

18
Q

Which tracts do the UMN in the BRAINSTEM give rise to?

A. Rubrospinal tract
B. Reticulospinal tracts
C. Ventrospinal tracts
D. Vestibulospinal tracts

A

A. Rubrospinal tract
B. Reticulospinal tracts
D. Vestibulospinal tracts

19
Q

Which tracts belong to the DORSOLATERAL SYSTEM?

A. Corticospinal tract
B. Anterior CST
C. Reticularspinal tract
D. Rubrospinal tract

A

A. Corticospinal tract
D. Rubrospinal tract

20
Q

Which tracts belong to the VENTROMEDIAL SYSTEM?

A. Corticospinal tract
B. Anterior CST
C. Reticularspinal tract
D. Vestibularspinal tract

A
21
Q
A

Neuroscience (14 decks)

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