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M15 > M15.09 Lubricants and Fuels > Flashcards

M15.09 Lubricants and Fuels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main tasks of engine oil?

A

. Lubricating
. Cooling
. Cleaning
. Corrosion protection

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2
Q

Using lubrication reduces what?

A

The friction between metal surfaces that move against each other

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3
Q

At first, mineral oil was widely used, now it’s?

A

Synthetic oil

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4
Q

What are the two groups of engine oils??

A

. Mineral oil
. Synthetic oil

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5
Q

What type of engine are mineral oils used on??

A

Piston type engine

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6
Q

What type of engine is synthetic oil used on??

A

Jet engines - specifically designed to meet the needs of the engine

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7
Q

What are the different types synthetic oils are there?

A

. Type 1
. Type 2
. Type 3

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8
Q

What was type 1 oil used on?

A

. First generation of synthetic oil - used on old gas turbines engines

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9
Q

What is type 2 oil used on?

A

Morden gas turbine engines - mostly used today

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10
Q

What is type 3 oil used on?

A

On special aircraft’s that require higher thermal stability and viscosity at higher temperatures

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11
Q

What does viscosity mean??

A

The property of fluid offering resistance to flow or shear at a certain temperature

(Modern oils used in m2/s at 100 degrees c)

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12
Q

What does pour point mean??

A

The lowest temperature an oil will visibly move in a 31.75mm test tube held horizontally for 5 seconds

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13
Q

What does flash point mean??

A

The lowest temperature that an oil will give off enough vapour to flash when flame is applied

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14
Q

What is the viscosity index?

A

The effect that temperature has in the viscosity of an oil,
The higher the number, indicates least affected by a change in temperature

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15
Q

A typical fuel will be comprised of what?

A

. 16% hydrogen
. 84% carbon
. Small amount of impurities

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16
Q

What is coking?

A

The amount of carbon residue remaining in an oil after being subject to extreme heating

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17
Q

What are the 4 main fuel types?

A

. Jet A
. Jet A1
. Jet B
. JP5

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18
Q

What fuel is most commonly used in Europe?

A

Jet A1

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19
Q

What is the flash and freeze point of Jet A1?

A

. Flash point = 38 degrees c
. Freeze point = 47 degrees c

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20
Q

What fuel is most commonly used in America?

A

Jet A

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21
Q

What is the flash and freeze point of Jet A?

A

. Flash point = 38 degrees c
. Freeze point = 40 degrees c

22
Q

What is the flash and freeze point of Jet B?

A

. Flash point = -20 degrees c
. Freeze point = -58 degrees c

23
Q

What aircraft is JP5 used on?

A

Military aircraft

24
Q

What is the flash and freeze point if JP5?

A

. Flash point = 65 degrees c
. Freeze point = -48 degrees c

25
Q

What are the main requirements for turbine engine fuels?

A

. Low freeze point
. Flash point low enough for good ignition, but high enough for safe handling

26
Q

What’s the definition of flash point??

A

The lowest temperature at which the fuel creates just enough vapours to build up a fuel/ mix to be inflamed

27
Q

What is the density of Jet A and Jet A1?

A

0.81 kg/ltr at a temperature of 15 degrees c

28
Q

What are aviation fuel additives?

A

Compounds that are added to fuel in very small quantities to change certain properties of the fuel

29
Q

What are aviation fuel additives measured in?

A

Parts per million (ppm)

30
Q

What are the 3 sub categories that fuel safety handling can be divided into?

A

. Fire prevention
. Fire extinguishing
. Personnel safety

31
Q

What is the definition of fire prevention?

A

The elimination of all source which create or support a fire

32
Q

What are you not allowed to do during aircraft maintenance or around£ the aircraft?

A

Smoke

33
Q

When is there a designated saftey area?

A

. During refuelling/ defuelling
. Fuel tanks open

34
Q

Where is a fuel bowser positioned?

A

Positioned for a quick escape

35
Q

Do synthetic oils have a shelf life?

A

Yes they must be checked prior to use

36
Q

Why shouldn’t opened containers be reused?

A

As synethic oils are hydroscopic so unusable

37
Q

Prolonged use of oils on the skin may cause what?

A

Dermatitis

38
Q

If oil enters the eyes, what must you do?

A

Flush them with copious amount of clean water and seek medical advice

39
Q

If ingestion of synthetic oil takes place, what must you do?

A

. Don’t induce vomiting
. Drink 250ml (1/2pint) of water and get medical help

40
Q

What are the two safety precautions for fuel?

A

. Bonding and earthing is essential
. Jet fuel should not be used for cleaning

41
Q

Where would a refuelling leak normally occur?

A

In the vent tank openings

42
Q

How do you deal with fuel leaks/ spillages?

A

. Stops the leak
. Add a bonding agent to the fuel spillage

43
Q

What isn’t allowed anywhere near an aircraft?

A

. Naked flames
. Smoking

44
Q

When is refuelling not allowed?

A

. While the engines are running

45
Q

To prevent sparks by electric static discharge when refuelling, what is in place?

A

The fuel truck is connected to the aircraft by a grounding lead, which prevents fire

46
Q

What type of clothing prevents against sparks?

A

. Cotton tank access clothing

47
Q

Can you enter a fuel tank without a full face mask?

A

. Yes if it is considered safe

48
Q

What are the 3 types of tank categories??

A

. CAT 1
. CAT 2
. CAT 3

49
Q

What is CAT 1 type tank accessible by??

A

. Direct access door
. Accessible by head and shoulders only

50
Q

What is CAT 2 type tank accessible by??

A

. Direct access door
. Access for complete body

51
Q

What is CAT 3 type tank accessible by??

A

. No direct access door
. Internal openings
. Wide enough for rescue

52
Q

What is CAT 4 type tank accessible by??

A

. Not found on all aircraft
. Can only be entered via internal openings which are not wide enough for rescue
. You cannot get out of the tank, mechanical cutters must be used

M15 (10 decks)

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