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ULTRASOUND > M2 > Flashcards

M2 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

(blank) is compared to
surrounding tissues

A

Echogenicity

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2
Q

Homogenous echo texture with ranges in echogenicity

A

Organ parenchyma

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3
Q

Homogenous, hypoechoic

A

Muscle

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4
Q

Homogenous, hypoechoic, and
hyperechoic borders

A

Tissue

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5
Q

Homogenous, hyperechoic

A

Placenta

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6
Q

Anechoic lumen, hyperechoic walls

A

Fluid Filled Structures

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7
Q

Fluid filled structures examples

A

Amniotic Sac
Blood vessels
Brain Ventricles
Ducts
Gallbladder
Ovarian Follicles
Renal Calyces
Umbilical Cord
Urinary Bladder

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8
Q

GI Tract
• Fluid
• Gas
• Food, gas, fluid, feces

A

Anechoic
Hyperechoic
Complex

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9
Q

Air
Bones
Diaphragm
Fat
Fissures
Ligaments

A

Echogenic/ Hyperechoic
(white)

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10
Q

Professional and Clinical
Standards

A

• Courtesy, Respect
• Dress appropriately
• Explain, Instruct, Assist
• Identify, Introduce yourself

• Know Procedures and Protocols
• Never talk about sonographic
findings or give your opinion on the
results
• Only physicians can legally render
a diagnosis

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11
Q

7.5 – 15 MHZ

A

• For superficial structures
• 1 – 3 cm from the surface
• Thyroid, breast, testicle

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12
Q

2.25 – 3.5 MHZ

A

• For deeper structures (abdomen/pelvis)
• 12 – 15 cm from the surface
• Liver, Kidneys, Urinary Bladder

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13
Q

• Present images and details of the study
• State exam and reason
• Patient history, correlative data/studies
• Logical sequence
• Discuss technique, related anatomy, abnormal
findings

A

Case presentation

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14
Q

IMAGE DOCUMENTATION

A

• Areas of interest
• Date, time, site
• Endocavital studies – witnessed by
another health professional
• Film labeling
• Patient’s name, Sonographer’s
name

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15
Q

Imaging Criteria

A

Image documentation
Imaging
Transducer selection

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16
Q

DESCRIBING
SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS

A

• Abnormal Findings
• Appropriate terminology
• Demonstrate the abnormality on the images
• Technical observation – should not be legally compromising

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17
Q

SAGITTAL, TRANSVERSE, CORONAL
ANTERIOR, POSTERIOR, SUPERIOR,
INFERIOR, LATERAL, MEDIAL

A

SCANNING PLANES

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18
Q

How to use the Transducer

• – straight up and down
• – superior, inferior, lateral
• – beneath inferior intercostal margin, angled superiorly
• - between ribs
• – oblique scanning planes

A

Perpendicular
Angled
Subcostal
Intercostal
Twisting

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19
Q

SURFACE LANDMARKS

A

• Midline - Sternum
Symphysis pubis
Umbilicus
• Lateral - Iliac crest
Inferior costal margin

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20
Q

PATIENT POSITIONS

A

Prone
Supine

Right/Left Posterior Oblique
Right/Left Lateral Decubitus

Sitting Erect/Semi-erect

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21
Q

Blood supply in PANCREAS

A

Gastroduodenal artery
Splenic artery
Superior Mesenteric Artery

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22
Q

Venous drainage in PANCREAS

Study These Flashcards
A

Superior Mesenteric Vein
Splenic Vein

23
Q

Main pancreatic duct

24
Q

accessory pancreatic duct

Study These Flashcards
A

Santorini duct

25
LIVER DIVISIONS
Caudate Left Right
26
CAUDATE lobe is separated from the LEFT lobe by:
ligamentum venosum
27
LIVER LIGAMENTS
CORONARY LIGAMENT FALCIFORM LIGAMENT GASTROHEPATIC LIGAMENT HEPATODUODENAL LIGAMENT LIGAMENTUM TERES LIGAMENTUM VENOSUM TRIANGULAR LIGAMENT
28
COUINAUD'S NUMBERING SYSTEM
1 Caudate 2 Left Superior Lateral 3 Left Inferior Lateral 4a Left Superior Medial 4b Left Inferior Medial 5 Right Inferior Anterior 6 Right Inferior Pesterior 7 Right Superior Posterior 8 Right Superior Anterior
29
LIVER SPACES
MORISON PIUCH SUBHEPATIC SPACE SUBPHRENIC SPACE
30
LEFT lobe is separated from the RIGHT lobe by:
MIDDLE HEPATIC VEIN superiorly & MAIN LOBAR FISSURE inferiorly
31
Indications for Examination in Liver AABHPPP
Abdominal pain Abnormal liver function tests Biliary disease Hepatocellular disease Palpable liver or spleen Pancreatitis Postprandial pain
32
PATHOLOGIES: LIVER
CIRRHOSIS FATTY LIVER DISEASE HEPATOMEGALY PASSIVE HEPATIC CONGESTION VIRAL HEPATITIS
33
BENIGN LIVER LESIONS
ABSCESS BENIGN HEPATIC CYST CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMAS HEPATIC CALCIFICATION LIVER HEMATOMA
34
MALIGNANT LIVER LESIONS
HEPATIC METASTASIS HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
35
retroperitoneal organ
pancreas
36
intraperitoneal organ
liver
37
medial externsion of head
uncinate process
38
lies posterior of stomach
tail
39
separates uncinate process & pancreatic neck
superior mesenteric vein
40
sonographic apperance
tail: 1 - 2 cm mid gray homogenous pancreas: isoechoic/ hyperechoic to liver splenic vein, IVC: anechoic
41
Indications for Examination in Pancreas AABEPW
Abdominal distention Anorexia Biliary disease Elevated pancreatic enzymes Pancreatitis Weight loss
42
Transabdominal anterior approach
Axial survey Longitudinal survey
43
LIVER SURVEY
INTERCOSTAL APPROACH TRANSABDOMINAL ANTERIOR APPROACH
44
Pancreas survey
Transabdominal Anterior Approach
45
PATHOLOGIES OF PANCREAS
ACUTE PANCREATITIS CHRONIC PANCREATITIS PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST
46
Indications for Examinations in GB
Jaundice Nausea Positice Murphy Sign Postprandial pain RUQ pain
47
PATHOLOGIES OF GB & BILIARY TRACT
BILE SLUDGE CHOLECYSTITIS CHOLELITHIASIS CHOLESTEROLOSIS GB CANCER GB POLYPS PORCELAIN GB
48
BILIARY TREE PATHOLOGIES
ASCARIASIS BILIARY OBSTRUCTION CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA CHOLEDOCHAL CYST CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS
49
starry sky apperance
acute hepatitis
50
spleen sonographic appearance
homogenous with medium level echoes
51
spleen sonographic appearance
spleen is isoechoic/ hypoechoic compared to liver
52
spleen sonographic appearance
spleen is hyperechoic relatively to the left kidney
53
pancreas sonographic appearance
pancreas is hyperechoic to liver

ULTRASOUND (2 decks)

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