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CLI PEDIA M2 > M2 > Flashcards

M2 Flashcards

1
Q

As an optometrist

A

vital that you are aware of the major causes of childhood
visual difficulties so that you can correctly detect, prevent or manage them appropriately

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2
Q

4 Ocular conditions

A

Refractive errors
Strabismus
Amblyopia
Nystagmus

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3
Q

all departures from emmetropia

A

Refractive Error

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4
Q

myopia with onset at any age between 6-15 years

A

Juvenile Myopia

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5
Q

Significant difference in between refractive error between the eyes (more than 1.00D)

A

Anisometropia

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6
Q

myopia will remain and will probably increase

A

Myopia

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7
Q

child will likely remain hyperopic

A

Hyperopia in excess of +1.50D

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8
Q

high probability of being emmetropic

A

Hyperopia between +0.50 and +1.25D

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9
Q

high probability of being myopic

A

Hyperopia between zero and +0.50D

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10
Q

an even higher probability of becoming against the rule astigmatism and myopic

A

Between zero and +0.50 and against the rule astigmatism

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11
Q

*convergent, divergent or vertical
*constant or intermittent
*unilateral or bilateral
*comitant or incomitant

A

Strabismus

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11
Q

failure of the visual axes of the eye to pass through the point of fixation

A

Strabismus

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11
Q

non-optical and non pathological refraction in VA

A

Amblyopia

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12
Q

caused by visual deprivation before the age of 2-6 years

A

Nystagmus

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12
Q

*Strabismic
*Refractive
*Meridional
*Anisometropia
*Deprivational

A

Classification of Amblyopia

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13
Q

involuntary oscillation of the eyes

A

Nystagmus

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14
Q

*may be pendular or jerk
*common causes: congenital cataract and albinism
*often associated with strabismus

A

Nystagmus

15
Q

7 Pediatric ocular pathology

A

*Congenital cataract
*Albinism
*Congenital ptosis
*Epicanthus
*Fundus anomalies
*Anterior eye infections
*Haemangioma

16
Q

Common cataract that do not interfere with vision

A

Cortical and sutural cataracts

17
Q

cataract that interferes with vision

A

Lamellar cataract

18
Q

type of albinism that is hereditary inability to synthesize melanin

A

Oculocutaneous albinism

19
Q

type of albinism that affects the eye only

A

Ocular albinism

20
Q

dropping of the upper lid

A

Congenital ptosis

21
Q

*caused by the dystrophy of the levator muscle
*if pupil is obscured, may lead to amblyopia

A

Congenital ptosis

22
Q

*fold of skin stretching from upper to lower lid and covers medial canthus
*may give appearance of esotropia (pseudo-esotropia)

A

Epicanthus

23
Q

fundus anomalies that is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor

A

Retinoblastoma

24
Q

*type of fundus anomalies that occurs in neonates whom oxygen is admisnistered
*retina neovascularization
*associated with congenital myopia

A

Retinopathy of prematurity

25
Q

most common in childhood and caused by Staphylococcus aureus

A

Blepharitis

26
Q

*most common anterior eye infetion caused by adenovirus

A

Viral conjunctivitis

26
Q

*eye appears red, scaly and swollen
*gives rise to itching, burning and photophobia
*gives rise to internal/external hordeolum, chalazion or bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Blepharitis

27
Q

*contagious, initially unilateral with hyperaemia and watery discharge
*resolves within 2-3 weeks

A

Viral conjunctivitis

28
Q

*caused by pollen or animals
*often occurs in association with hay fever, asthma, eczema
*self limiting once allergen is removed

A

Allergic conjucntivitis

28
Q

*congenital
*may be superficial ‘strawberry naevus’ or deeper with more reddish blue swelling
*disappears by the age of 5 years

A

Haemangioma

28
Q

total absence of color vision

A

Achromatopsia

29
Q

incomplete loss of sensitivity to certain wavelenghts

A

Anomalous trichromacy

30
Q

*most common color vision anomalies
*reduced color discrimination ability

A

Deuteranomalous trichromacy

31
Q

color vision is dependent on 2 types of cones

A

Dichromacy

32
Q

Red sensitive photopigment is absent

A

Protanopia

33
Q

green sensitive photopigment is absent

A

Deuteranopia

34
Q

reduces sensitivity to red colors

A

Protanomalous trichromacyc

35
Q

acquired defect, result of retinal disease (eg. RP or diabetes)

A

Tritanopia

CLI PEDIA M2 (4 decks)

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