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Politics > M2 L3 > Flashcards

M2 L3 Flashcards

1
Q

[Total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values] that are characteristics of an individual

A

Personality

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2
Q

Factors of Personality Development

A
  1. Hereditary
  2. Birth Order
  3. Parental Characteristics
  4. Cultural Environment
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3
Q

[Characteristics that are present at birth], such as body build, hair type, eye color, and skin pigmentation

A

Hereditary

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4
Q

[The order in which we are born into our families] also influences our personalities

A

Birth Order

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5
Q

Personality development in children is also influenced by the
characteristics of the parents

A

Parental Characteristics

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6
Q

This determines the basic types of personality traits of a person

A

Cultural Environment

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7
Q

Filipino Concept of Personality

A
  1. Bahala Na Attitude
  2. Hospitable and Respectful
  3. Religiosity
  4. Loyalty and Gratefulness
  5. Adaptability and Resilience
  6. Respect for Elders
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8
Q

Became [a defense mechanism for Filipinos], to preserve mental balance and mitigate the adverse effects of their failures

A

Bahala Na Attitude

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9
Q

A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

A

Deviance

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10
Q

Anything that deviates from what people generally accept as normal

A

Deviance

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11
Q

Types of Deviant Activities

A
  1. Crime or Formal Deviance
  2. Violations of Informal Social Norms (Informal Deviance)
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12
Q

Violation of formally enacted laws

A

Crime or Formal Deviance

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13
Q

Violation of norms that have not been codified into laws

A

Informal Deviance

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14
Q

Imposed by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behaviors in ways that limit, or punish deviance

A

Sanctions or Social Control

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15
Q

Types of Sanctions

A
  1. Positive Sanction
  2. Negative Sanction
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16
Q

Affirmative reactions, usually in response to conformity

A

Positive Sanction

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17
Q

Negative social reactions to deviance

A

Negative Sanction

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18
Q

Occurs when norms are [codified into law], and violation almost always results in negative [sanctions from the justice system]

A

Formal Sanctioning of Deviance

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19
Q

Degrees of Deviance

A
  1. Primary Deviance
  2. Secondary Deviance
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20
Q

Occasional violation of norms

A

Primary Deviance

21
Q

Refers to [deviance as a lifestyle] and results in the individual [being labeled as deviant] and believing that label

A

Secondary Deviance

22
Q

Forms of Social Sanction for Deviance

A
  1. Legal Sanction
  2. Stigmatization or Ostracization
  3. Preference for one behaviour over another
23
Q

Social Perspective on Deviance

A

Functionalist Perspectives

24
Q

Deviance results from the [strain of goals] incompatible with the available means of achieving them

A

Functionalist Perspective

25
Q

Deviance is a natural growth of the values, norms, and the structure of society

A

Merton’s Strain Theory

26
Q

Types of Deviance According to Strain Theory

A
  1. Conformist
  2. Innovation
  3. Ritualism
  4. Retreatism
  5. Rebellion
27
Q

Accepts society’s goals and the socially acceptable means of
achieving them

A

Conformist

28
Q

A response due to the strain generated by our culture’s emphasis on wealth and the lack of opportunities

A

Innovation

29
Q

Rejects society’s goals but accepts society’s institutionalized means

A

Ritualism

30
Q

Rejection of both cultural goals and means, letting the person in question “drop out”

A

Retreatism

31
Q

Indulges in a “counterculture” that supports other social order

A

Rebellion

32
Q

Accepts approved goals, pursues them through approved means

A

Conformist

33
Q

Accepts approved goals, uses disapproved means

A

Innovation

34
Q

Abandons society’s goals, conforms to approved means

A

Ritualism

35
Q

Abandons approved goals and approved means

A

Retreatism

36
Q

Challenges approved goals and approved means

A

Rebellion

37
Q

Deviance is a result of competition and social inequality

A

Conflict Perspective

38
Q

[People without power commit deviant acts to obtain economic rewards] or to improve their low self-esteem and stop feeling powerless.

A

Conflict Perspective

39
Q

The ruling classes label as deviant any behavior that threatens their power

A

Conflict Perspective

40
Q

Interaction among individuals influences deviance

A

Interactionist Perspective

41
Q

Suggests that strong bonds make people conform to norms and refrain from deviance

A

Control Theory

42
Q

Explains deviance as a natural occurrence

A

Control Theory

43
Q

It is interested in why people conform rather than in the causes of deviance

A

Control Theory

44
Q

Ways people develop bonds to their communities (Travis Hirchi)

A
  1. They form attachments with others
  2. They have a strong belief in society’s moral codes, accepting that some behavior is simply wrong
  3. They show commitment to traditional societal values and goals, such as getting a good education or job
  4. They are fully involved in nondeviant activities, leaving no time for deviant behavior
45
Q

Theory proposes that deviance is a learned behavior

A

Cultural Transmission Theory

46
Q

This is central to Cultural Transmission Theory

A

Socialization

47
Q

It explains deviance as a behavior learned in much the same way that nondeviant behavior is learned through interaction with others

A

Cultural Transmission Theory

48
Q

It focuses on how individuals come to be identified as deviant

A

Labelling Theory

49
Q

It believes in the idea that all people commit defiant acts, yet not everyone is labeled as deviant

A

Labelling Theory

Politics (5 decks)

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