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m2 p1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is language

A

code where ideas are represented through conventional system through agreed upon symbols

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2
Q

What is Communication?

A

the sending and receiving of messages,
information, ideas, or feelings”

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3
Q

What is Speech?

A

Speech is the neuromuscular act of producing sounds
that are used in language

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4
Q

Respiration

A

provides the source of air to produce speech sounds

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5
Q

Phonation:

A

vibration of the vocal folds to produce speech sounds;
there are different types of phonation

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6
Q

Resonation

A

speech sounds resonate in the vocal tract
(i.e., pharynx, and oral and nasal cavities

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7
Q

Articulation

A

modifies the speech sounds into vowels or
consonants through movement

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8
Q

langauge is the ____ where as speech is the _____ production of that code

A

code, sensorimotor

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9
Q

a term often used to refer to behaviors such as loudness, frowning and using gestures is

A

extralinguistic communication

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10
Q

A speech disorder is different from a -language- disorder;
speech disorders include difficulties with:

A

Articulation
Fluency
*Voice

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11
Q

speaker said,”the babys sleeping” in a quiet whisper accompained by a frown and open gesture. this term is called.

A

extralinguistic communication

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12
Q

what are the types of extralinguistic behaviors

A

Paralinguistics
Nonlinguistics (or nonverbal communication)
Metalinguistics

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13
Q

Paralinguistic Aspects

A

the melodic components of speech that modify
the meaning of the spoken message ex. stress,pitch,intonation

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14
Q

Stress

A

the loudness of the spoken word;

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15
Q

Pitch

A

the “auditory property of a sound. . .from
low to high” ex. gender,age emotional state

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16
Q

Intonation

A

the rise and fall in pitch within
utterances ex.

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17
Q

ex. “he went skydiving” with a question or suprise at the end which is

A

intonation

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18
Q

Proxemics

A

nonlinguistic communication. the use of space and physical distance between speakers and listeners to communicate

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19
Q

Kinesics

A

nonlinguistics communication. body movements used to communicate
(e.g., gestures, facial expressions)

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20
Q

is nonlinguistics in other countries mean the same thing

A

no

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21
Q

Metalinguistics

A

The ability to: Use language ,Talk about language, Analyze language.and thinking

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22
Q

what are the 5 components of language

A

Phonology
* Semantics
* Syntax
* Morphology
* Pragmatics

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23
Q

is this a speech or language problem?
I want to fit

A

speech

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24
Q

is this a speech or language problem?
I want it no to go

A

language

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25
The phonological component of language refers to
speech sound and the sound pattern that create words within a given language
26
Phone
A single speech sound conveying meaning within a given language;
27
a phoneme is a
group of sounds representing slightly different productions refer to allophones
28
why cant kids use "ksee ngot and the isyth ptosv did" it fails to conform the what
phonotactic rules of english,
29
Allophone
light variations in the production of a phone,! Allophones are variations of a single phoneme that don’t change the meaning of a word
30
Example: * The “light” /l/ as in the word “light” * The “dark”/l/ as in the word “call” * The “syllabic” /l/ as in the word “bottle”
phonological component
31
Semantics
deals with the referents for words and the meanings of utterances”
32
lexicon
refers to the vocabulary of a language in our field we consider vocabulary to refer to the number of words produced and understood by an individual
33
Semantic; Words are representative of
(objects), attributes (characteristics), concepts (ideas), or experiences
34
what are the types of meaning from semantics
Referential meaning: Connotative meaning: Inferential meaning:
35
Referential meaning:
simple concrete meaning of a word; also called “dictionary meanings”
36
Connotative meaning:
emotional meaning of a word
37
Inferential meaning:
meaning that is not overtly stated, but is inferred.
38
a snake can be defined as an “elongated, legless, carnivorous reptile” is
referential meaning
39
the word snake might evoke fear, mild distate or, for those who are into snakes is
Connotative meaning:
40
He took one look at the coiled snake and quickly ran away. While not overtly stated, we can assume
Inferential meaning:
41
figurative meaning
the meaning that a phrase may convey,whereas the words within the phrase do not.
42
idioms
carries meaning that the words in the saying or proverb do not literally state (e.g., It’s raining cats and dogs
43
Irony
Points out the absurdity of a situation (e.g, “Ironically, the attorney died without leaving a will”
44
Sarcasm
A caustic or jeering remark in which the meaning is the opposite of what the words actually convey (e.g., “Oh, that’s nice!” when someone cuts you off in traffic)
45
Metaphors:
make comparisons between two or more unrelated objects (e.g., “Her eyes were stars glittering in the darkness of night
46
Similes
make comparisons between two or more unrelated objects using the words like or as (e.g., “Her eyes were like diamonds”
47
Figurative language begins to be used and understood by children from the age of
4 onward and continually improves
48
relational meaning
has to do with the manner in which words are related to each other; some words such as if, and, or, and so forth include synonyms and antonyms
49
synonyms
different words that mean the same thing big/large/huge; beautiful/pretty/lovely
50
homonyms
Words that sound alike and are spelled alike but have different meanings bat,palm,scale
51
Homophones
Words that sound alike, have different meanings, and also have different spellings (e.g., bear/bare;
52
Convergent categorization:
the ability to provide a category name for a group of items What category do the following words belong to chair table,bed, sofa
53
Divergent categorization
the ability to provide a list of items when given a category name (e.g., “Name 10 animals”)
54
syntax
the rules that govern “how words are to be sequenced in utterances and how the words in an utterance are related”
55
Syntax includes
Different types of sentences used Different parts of speech used
56
Grammar
a broader term which includes syntax and morphology as well as semantic restrictions (e.g., “The pizza ate the boy” is syntactically correct but makes no sense semantically)
57
Morphology
the study of word structures, component of grammar
58
Morphemes
are the smallest elements of meaning in a language
59
Free morphemes
a whole word that conveys meaning and cannot be broken down into smaller units. (e.g., ball, table, house
60
Bound morphemes
suffixes and prefixes that attach to a free morpheme and alter meaning. ntwo types derivational and inflectional
61
noun
person, place or thing
62
verb
action word or state of being
63
adverb
describe a verb
64
adjective
describes a noun
65
Derivational morphemes:
Bound morphemes that are used to create new words or to “make words of a different grammatical class from the stem [root, or free morpheme]”
66
example:quick/quickly, wise/wisely, firm/firmly) teach/teacher, manage/manager, farm/farmer)(unhappiness)
Derivational;free morpheme more than one derivational
67
Inflectional morpheme:
bound morpheme (or affix) that indicates a grammatical property, such as verb tense, number, possession, or comparison
68
example; walk/walked (past tense –ed); eat/eats (third person singular present tense –s); sing/singing (present progressive –ing) Number: duck/ducks (plural -s) Possession: Dad/Dad’s (possessive –s) Comparison: large/larger/largest (comparative –er and superlative -es
inflectional-bound morphemes
69
Allomorph
a variation of a morpheme that does not alter the original meaning of the morpheme”
70
ex Past tense –ed (e.g., fried): past tense –t (e.g., walked) and -ed (e.g., waited) * Plural –s (e.g., books): z (e.g., dogs) and plural –ez (e.g., matches) * Third person singular present tense –s (e.g., She eats)
allomorphs
71
Pragmatic
pragmatics is “the study of language production in social contexts”
72
Verbal pragmatic skills
those required to initiate and continue conversational discourse
73
Discourse or conversation:
the connected and contingent flow of language during social interaction between two or more individuals
74
Verbal Pragmatic Skills: Types of Skills
Initiating conversation Greetings/farewells Small talk Topic initiation * Taking turns Does each conversation partner take on the role of listener and speaker?
75
Using conversational repair;
a skill that is necessary when a communicative message needs clarification -Two sides Responding to verbal or nonverbal requests for clarification (e.g., through repetition or rephrasing) Requesting clarification
76
Personal narratives
the ability to tell personal experiences
77
fictional narratives
the ability to tell a story
78
Nonverbal pragmatic language skills
physical, emotional, and gestural facets of communication (extralinguistic)
79
Nonverbal pragmatic language skills include:
Making and maintaining eye contact Proxemics Gestures Facial expressions
80
Receptive Language aka language comprehension
The ability to understand what is expressed verbally or nonverbally Following directions Answering questions Pointing to objects Reading comprehension (in school aged children)
81
Expressive Language aka language production
The ability to communicate verbally or nonverbally. Requires appropriate use of the phonologic, semantic, syntactic, morphologic, and pragmatic components of language
82
Arbitrary
No reason why it’s named that

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