M3: History of Life on Earth

Question 1

The longest time unit in the GTS

Answer 1

eons

Question 2

the 4 eons?

Answer 2

hadean
archean
proterozoic
phanerozoic

Question 3

hadean eon is also called as

Answer 3

unseen

Question 4

archean eon is also called as

Answer 4

ancient/primitive

Question 5

proterozoic eon is also called as

Answer 5

before complex life

Question 6

phanerozoic eon is also called as

Answer 6

visible life

Question 7

The term was coined in 1972 by geologist Preston Cloud.

Answer 7

hadeon eon

Question 8

is derived from Hades, Greek for underworld, referring to the hellish conditions on the planet at the time.

Answer 8

hadean

Question 9

hadean eon was later classified as the ________ period by W. Brian Harland.

Answer 9

Priscoan

Question 10

the time/period of hadean eon

Answer 10

4.6 to 4 billion years

Question 11

what is the atmosphere of hadean eon?

Hot, thick, steamy, and full of ______ and _____.
Made up of mostly _________ _______ and water vapor, with traces of ________ and smelly ______ compounds.

Answer 11

Hot, thick, steamy, and full of dust and crud.
Made up of mostly carbon dioxide and water vapor, with traces of nitrogen and smelly sulfur compounds.

Question 12

Geology of hadean eon

Covered with oceans of liquid _______ , boiling ________ , and impact _______.

Answer 12

Covered with oceans of liquid rock, boiling sulfur, and impact craters.

Question 13

Life Forms of hadean eon

Small amounts of organic ________ has been found that probably may be an evidence of first life on earth.

Answer 13

Small amounts of organic carbon has been found that probably may be an evidence of first life on earth.

Question 14

Ended with the cooling of the earth’s temperature.

Answer 14

hadean eon

Question 15

The name _______ is derived from the ancient Greek (Arkhe), meaning beginning or origin.

Answer 15

archean

Question 16

It was first used in 1872, Which means “the earliest geological age”

Answer 16

Archean Eon

Question 17

time/period of archean eon

Answer 17

4 to 2.5 billion years ago

Question 18

atmosphere of archean eoN??

Comprised ______ , _________, and other gases.

Most of the carbon dioxide have been chemically changed into _________ and deposited at the bottom of the ocean.

Answer 18

Comprised methane, ammonia, and other gases.
Most of the carbon dioxide have been chemically changed into limestone and deposited at the bottom of the ocean.

Question 19

geology of archean eon?

Formation of the __________ ________ rock.

Small “island” land masses floated in the ________ “seas.”

Start of the formation of _________

Water from _______ and hydrated minerals condensed in the atmosphere and fell as ________ rain, cooling the planet and filling the first oceans with liquid _____.

Answer 19

Formation of the continental shield rock.

Small “island” land masses floated in the molten “seas.”

Start of the formation of oceans

Water from comets and hydrated minerals condensed in the atmosphere and fell as torrential rain, cooling the planet and filling the first oceans with liquid water.

Question 20

life forms of archean eon

_________ _________ such as photosynthetic bacteria, (Cyanobacteria) Stromatolites, Single-celled archaea extremophiles

Answer 20

Microscopic prokaryotes such as photosynthetic bacteria, (Cyanobacteria) Stromatolites, Single-celled archaea extremophiles

Question 21

ARCHEAN EON

Life began in the oceans about ____ billion to ____ billion years ago.

Answer 21

Life began in the oceans about 3.5 billion to 2.8 billion years ago.

Question 22

The oldest fossils ever found (3.5 bya)

Answer 22

Stromatolites

Question 23

Are layered bio-chemical accretionary structures that formed in shallow water by the trapping, binding, and cementation of sedimentary grains of microorganisms.

Answer 23

Stromatolites

Question 24

The name ____________ comes from Greek and means “earlier life”.

Answer 24

proterozoic

Question 25

time/period of proterozoic eon

Answer 25

2.5 GA to 541 MA

Question 26

atmosphere of proterozoic eon Mostly ______ , with a little water vapor and carbon dioxide. With Free ______ released by ____________

Answer 26

Mostly nitrogen, with a little water vapor and carbon dioxide. With Free oxygen released by cyanobacteria

Question 27

geology of proterozoic eon Formation of supercontinents: _________ Frequent movement of earth surface ( Plate Tectonics) and _________ _______.

Answer 27

Formation of supercontinents: Rodinia Frequent movement of earth surface ( Plate Tectonics) and continental collisions.

Question 28

proterozoic eons 1.7 GA - Appearance of single celled __________ . 511 MA - appearance of ______________organism. Life is still found only in the _______.

Answer 28

1.7 GA - Appearance of single celled eukaryotes. 511 MA - appearance of multicellular organism. Life is still found only in the ocean.

Question 29

PROTEROZOIC EON Extinction of many anaerobic bacteria

Answer 29

GREAT OXYGENATION EVENT

Question 30

Approximately 635 million to 541 million years ago Autotrophs and soft-bodied heterotrophs

Answer 30

The Ediacaran Period

Question 31

The Ediacaran Period Fossils: Ediacaran biota - ________ - ___________

Answer 31

Charnia Dickinsonia

Question 32

Lasted for 36 million years

Answer 32

Snowball Earth

Question 33

Caused by a 250 million year lull in volcanic activity.

Answer 33

a Snowball Earth

Question 34

This caused a decrease in the carbon dioxide of the atmosphere resulting in a climate cool down

Answer 34

Snowball Earth

Question 35

The term “phanerozoic” was first introduced by the American geologist ________ ________ ________(1876–1953).

Answer 35

The term “phanerozoic” was first introduced by the American geologist George Halcott Chadwick (1876–1953).

Question 36

The term phanerozoic is derived from the Ancient word “phanerós” meaning ________ and “zōḗ” meaning _______.

Answer 36

The term phanerozoic is derived from the Ancient word “phanerós” meaning visible and “zōḗ” meaning life.

Question 37

Because it was once believed that the life began in ___________ , the first period of the phanerozoic eon.

Answer 37

Because it was once believed that the life began in Cambrian, the first period of the phanerozoic eon.

Question 38

time period of phanerozoic eon

Answer 38

541 MA to present

Question 39

s the eon of abundant complex life.

Answer 39

Phanerozoic Eon

Question 40

It is the eon we are living in.

Answer 40

Phanerozoic Eon

Question 41

Phanerozoic eon It is divided into 3 Era P__________ Era M___________ Era C___________Era

Answer 41

It is divided into 3 Era Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era

Question 42

The term 'Paleozoic' has been derived from Greek words: palaios meaning '__________ ' and zoe meaning 'life'

Answer 42

The term 'Paleozoic' has been derived from Greek words: palaios meaning 'ancient' and zoe meaning 'life'

Question 43

Marks the beginning of life on our planet.

Answer 43

Paleozoic Era

Question 44

It was the period of early life where plants, corals, mollusks, insects, fish, and many other living organisms emerged.

Answer 44

Paleozoic Era

Question 45

period of paleozoic era 1. p_________ 2. carboniferous - P____________ and m____________ 3. d_______ 4. si_________ 5. o________ 6. ca_________

Answer 45

1. permian 2. carboniferous - pennsylivanian and mississippian 3. devonian 4. silurian 5. ordovican 6. cambrian

Question 46

time or period of paleozoic era

Answer 46

542 -252 MA

Question 47

atmosphere of paleozoic era ___________, oxygen, ________ _________ and other trace gases

Answer 47

Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon Dioxide and other trace gases

Question 48

geology of paleozoic era Formation of _________chains, formation of ___ beds. formation of ____________ Earth's surface experienced a lot of activity, including shifting of ___________ plates,

Answer 48

Formation of mountain chains, formation of coal beds. formation of continents Earth's surface experienced a lot of activity, including shifting of tectonic plates,

Question 49

At the beginning, a supercontinent called ____________ broke up into smaller continents.

Answer 49

At the beginning, a supercontinent called Pannotia broke up into smaller continents.

Question 50

At the end of Permian, all the landmasses merged again to form a supercontinent called _________.

Answer 50

At the end of Permian, all the landmasses merged again to form a supercontinent called Pangaea.

Question 51

climate of paleozoic era There are extreme shifts in climate in each era Cambrian - t___________ Ordovician and Silurian periods - warm _____________ climate interrupted by the Andean-Saharan Ice Age. Devonian and Carboniferous - _______ until the Karoo Ice Age at the end of Carboniferous Permian period - _______ and _______ continental climate on the enormous Pangea continent.

Answer 51

climate of paleozoic era There are extreme shifts in climate in each era Cambrian - temperate Ordovician and Silurian periods - warm greenhouse climate interrupted by the Andean-Saharan Ice Age. Devonian and Carboniferous - stable until the Karoo Ice Age at the end of Carboniferous Permian period - harsh and dry continental climate on the enormous Pangea continent.

Question 52

life forms of paleozoic era ______________ (animals without backbones) such as corals, brachiopods, mollusks, and arthropods such as trilobites ruled the oceans in the early and middle parts of the Paleozoic. . _________ (including fish, amphibians, and reptiles) began to flourish in the later Paleozoic.

Answer 52

Invertebrates (animals without backbones) such as corals, brachiopods, mollusks, and arthropods such as trilobites ruled the oceans in the early and middle parts of the Paleozoic. . Vertebrates (including fish, amphibians, and reptiles) began to flourish in the later Paleozoic.

Question 53

Animals and plants populated the land (but many still lived in the ocean!).

Answer 53

Paleozoic Era

Question 54

60% of invertebrates in the oceans and seas became extinct. May be triggered by volcanic eruptions

Answer 54

Late Ordovician Mass Extinction

Question 55

Monsoons affected the subtropical east coast but that interior/ center of Pangaea was dry. Appearance of Reptiles that can survive in dry land.

Answer 55

PALEOZOIC ERA

Question 56

252 mya 70% of the land vertebrates and 96% of the marine species disappeared from the fossil record including all survivors of previous extinction like trilobite

Answer 56

Paleozoic Era

Question 57

Mesozoic era 3 periods c_________ j__________ t_________

Answer 57

Mesozoic era 3 periods cretaceous jurassic triassic

Question 58

time/period of mesozoic eon

Answer 58

253 to 66 million years ago

Question 59

geology of mesozoic eon

Answer 59

separation of supercontinent pangaea

Question 60

climate of mesozoic eon The climate is _______ throughout the ______ and ______ period but towards the middle of the ________ period the climate became warmer. Then global cooling occurred at the end of the _______________

Answer 60

The climate is warm throughout the triassic and jurassic period but towards the middle of the cretaceous period the climate became warmer. Then global cooling occurred at the end of the Mesozoic

Question 61

life form of mesozoic eon Appearance of _________, birds, plants, and __________

Answer 61

Appearance of dinosaurs, birds, plants, and mammals

Question 62

were reptiles, however there is some evidence that they may have been warm-blooded.

Answer 62

Dinosaurs

Question 63

During the late Mesozoic, ______ evolved from a group of small carnivorous dinosaurs.

Answer 63

birds

Question 64

Plants _______ trees evolved at the beginning of the Mesozoic. The first flowering _____ evolved towards the end of the Mesozoic.

Answer 64

Plants Conifer trees evolved at the beginning of the Mesozoic. The first flowering plants evolved towards the end of the Mesozoic.

Question 65

evolved during the Mesozoic but there were relatively few species and they were small in size.

Answer 65

Mammals

Question 66

uring the Mesozoic, _______ were eaten by carnivorous dinosaurs.

Answer 66

Mammals

Question 67

At the end of the Mesozoic, the Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction occurred. This was the extinction event that killed the dinosaurs (among others).

Answer 67

The K-Pg Event

Question 68

Many of the animals and plants that survived the extinction event (such as mammals and birds) went on to become very abundant afterward.

Answer 68

The K-Pg Event

Question 69

periods of cenozoic era - q_________ - n_______________ - p___________

Answer 69

quaternary neogene peloegene

Question 70

time/period of cenozoic era

Answer 70

67 million years ago to present

Question 71

geology of cenozoic era The _________Ocean continues to widen as new ocean crust is formed at the Mid Atlantic Ridge. India collided with the Asian continent forming the ___________ Mountains which continue to grow higher today. The African plate pushed into Europe forming the _____. In North America, the _______Mountains formed and the ___________ Plateau was uplifted.

Answer 71

geology of cenozoic era The Atlantic Ocean continues to widen as new ocean crust is formed at the Mid Atlantic Ridge. India collided with the Asian continent forming the Himalayan Mountains which continue to grow higher today. The African plate pushed into Europe forming the Alps. In North America, the Rocky Mountains formed and the Colorado Plateau was uplifted.

Question 72

life forms of cenozoic era M__________ became more diverse.The first _________evolved from chimp-like ancestors.

Answer 72

Mammals became more diverse.The first humans evolved from chimp-like ancestors.

Question 73

climate of cenozoic era Early Cenozoic climate was ______ and ______and the climate gradually _______ down. Earth's climate has cooled and warmed all throughout the cenozoic era

Answer 73

Early Cenozoic climate was warm and humid and the climate gradually cooled down. Earth's climate has cooled and warmed all throughout the cenozoic era

Question 74

New mammal species evolved and were able to live in areas and eat foods that had been used by dinosaurs during the Mesozoic.

Answer 74

Cenozoic Era

Question 75

Bats, rodents, owls, herons and eagles made their first appearance while crocodiles, turtles and frogs thrived in the tropics

Answer 75

Cenozoic Era

Question 76

Snakes evolved rapidly as there was now an abundant food supply with the new rodents that had evolved.

Answer 76

Cenozoic Era

Question 77

evolved and was well adapted to the cooler climates of the late Cenozoic.

Answer 77

Grass

Question 78

_______ and other species of grazing animals evolved and ate the newly-evolved grass. The first _________ were small, about the size of a labrador retriever

Answer 78

horses

Question 79

The land was dominated by tropical forests. Deciduous and coniferous trees became dominant at higher altitudes and tropical forests retreated to the equatorial regions.

Answer 79

Cenozoic Era

Question 80

cenozoic era Modern humans and their recent ancestors are called _________.

Answer 80

hominids

Question 81

cenozoic era Thousands of fossils of hominids have been found; the oldest is more than ___ million years old.

Answer 81

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