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BOTANY LAB > M3: PLANT CELLS AND TISSUES > Flashcards

M3: PLANT CELLS AND TISSUES Flashcards

(111 cards)

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1
Q

are EUKARYOTIC CELLS or cells with a MEMBRANE-BOUND NUCLEUS.

A

PLANT CELLS

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2
Q

the DNA in a plant cell is housed within ____ that is enveloped by a membrane

A

NUCLEUS

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3
Q

_________ have a WIDE RANGE OF RESPONSIBILITIES that include everything from producing hormones and enzymes to providing energy for a plant cell.

A

ORGANELLES

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4
Q

tiny cellular structures

A

ORGANELLES

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5
Q

which is larger: plant cells or animal cells?

A

PLANT CELLS

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6
Q

structures that are only found in plant cell

A

cell wall, a large vacuole, and plastids

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7
Q

assist in STORING and HARVESTING needed substances for the plant

A

PLASTIDS (chloroplasts)

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8
Q

structures that are only found in animal cells

A

centrioles, lysosomes, and cilia and flagella

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9
Q

thin, SEMI-PERMEABLE membrane SURROUNDS THE CYTOPLASM of a cell, enclosing its contents.

A

CELL MEMBRANE / PLASMA MEMBRANE

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10
Q

RIGID OUTER COVERING of the cell PROTECTS the plant cell and GIVES IT SHAPE.

A

CELL WALL

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11
Q

the SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS in a plant cell. They contain CHLOROPHYLL, a green pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight.

A

CHLOROPLAST

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12
Q

a GREEN PIGMENT that absorbs energy from sunlight.

A

CHLOROPHYLL

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13
Q

The GEL-LIKE SUBSTANCE within the cell membrane is known as ______. It contains water, enzymes, salts, organelles, and various organic molecules.

A

CYTOPLASM

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14
Q

NETWORK OF FIBERS throughout the cytoplasm helps the cell MAINTAIN ITS SHAPE and gives support to the cell.

A

CYTOSKELETON

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15
Q

an extensive network of membranes

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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16
Q

synthesizes proteins and lipids.

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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17
Q

ER with ribosomes

A

ROUGH ER

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18
Q

ER without ribosomes

A

SMOOTH ER

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19
Q

responsible for MANUFACTURING, storing and SHPPING (PACKAGING) certain cellular products including proteins.

A

GOLGI BODIES / GOLGI APPARATUS / GOLGI COMPLEX

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20
Q

These HOLLOW RODS function primarily to help support and shape the cell. They are important for CHROMOSOME MOVEMENT in mitosis and meiosis, as well as cytosol movement within a cell.

A

MICROTUBULES

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21
Q

GENERATE ENERGY for the cell by converting glucose (produced by photosynthesis) and oxygen to ATP. This process is known as respiration.

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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22
Q

structure within the nucleus helps in the SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSOMES

A

NUCLEOLUS

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23
Q

TINY HOLES within the nuclear membrane allow nucleic acids and proteins to move into and out of the nucleus.

A

NUCLEOPORE

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24
Q

tiny, single membrane bound structures that contain enzymes which PRODUCE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE as a by-product. These structures are involved in plant processes such as PHOTORESPIRATION.

A

PEROXISOMES

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25
play an important role in both CATABOLIC AND ANABOLIC pathways in plants. _____ BREAK THE FATTY ACID into succinate in lipid rich seeds like castor bean.
GLYOXYSOMES
26
These PORES OR CHANNELS are found BETWEEN PLANT CELL WALLS and allow molecules and communication signals to pass between individual plant cells.
PLASMODESMATA
27
Consisting of RNA and proteins, ribosomes are responsible for PROTEIN ASSEMBLY. They can be found either attached to the rough ER or free in the cytoplasm.
RIBOSOMES
28
This plant cell organelle PROVIDES SUPPORT for and participates in a variety of cellular functions including storage, detoxification, protection, and growth. When a plant cell matures, it typically contains one large liquid-filled _____.
VACUOLE
29
occurs in various shapes and size. They are differentiated based on their composition and shape.
CRYSTALS
30
fine, NEEDLE LIKE crystals OCCURING SINGLY OR IN CLUSTER, scattered, or ENCLOSED IN A SAC as in gabi or other succulent plants
RAPHIDE
31
PRISM-LIKE or DIAMOND-LIKE crystals found in leaves of begonia or bangka bangkaan
PRISMATIC
32
FLOWERLIKE appearance in santan and stem of kutsarita plant
ROSETTE
33
KNIFE-LIKE, tapering at both ends
STYLOID
34
GRAPELIKE as seen in HYPODERMAL CELL of leaf of an Indian rubber tree or ampalaya like plant.
CYSTOLITH
35
Calcium oxalate (CaC2O4):
RAPHIDE PRISMATIC ROSETTE STYLOID
36
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3):
CYSTOLITH
37
STACKS OF FLATTENED DISCS OR VESICLES that may be scattered throughout the cytoplasm
DICTYOSOMES
38
involved in the MODIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES attached to proteins that are synthesized and packaged in the endoplasmic reticulum
DICTYOSOMES
39
necessary to STORE STARCH and to CARRY OUT THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PLASTIDS
40
HETEROGENOUS, COCLORED PLASTIDS which is responsible for PIGMENT SYNTHESIS and for storage in photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms
CHROMOPLASTS
41
red, orange, yellow-colored pigments which provide color to all ripe fruits and flowers
CHROMOPLASTS
42
the FLUID WITHIN THE CHLOROPLAST that comprises circular DNA
STROMA
43
CORKSCREW-LIKE RIBBONS SHAPE; cells of the green algae
SPIROGYRA
44
BRACELET-SHAPED chloroplasts: other green algae
ULOTHRIX
45
they help in the TRANSPORT OF WATER and minerals from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plants
XYLEM
46
they TRANSPORT FOOD prepared by the leaves to different parts of the plant
PHLOEM
47
the process in which LIGHT ENERGY is converted to chemical energy in the form of sugars
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
48
STORES ENERGY FROM THE SUN through the form of ATP and NADPH
LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION
49
can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration
CALVIN CYCLE REACTIONS
50
ATP
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
51
NADPH
NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE
52
THREE BASIC TYPES OF PLANT TISSUE
PARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA
53
TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES
MERISMATIC PERMANENT (NON-MERISMATIC)
54
analogous to stem cells in animals; undifferentiated continue to divide and CONTRIBUTE TO THE GROWTH OF THE PLANT (constantly dividing)
MERISMATIC TISSUE
55
consist of plant cells that are NO LONGER ACTIVELY DIVIDING
PERMANENT TISSUE
56
___ produce cells that quickly differentiate, or specialize, and become permanent tissue
MERISTEMS
57
meristems produce cells that quickly differentiate, or specialize, and become ______ tissue
PERMANENT
58
3 MAIN TISSUE TYPES
DERMAL VASCULAR GROUND TISSUE
59
OUTERMOST LAYER of any plant organ with primary growth
EPIDERMIS
60
specialized cells that are present in the epidermis
GUARD CELLS of the stomata
61
the OUTWARD GROWTH of epidermal cells is known as
EPIDERMAL HAIR OR TRICHOME
62
the epidermis produces a waxy material called
CUTICLE
63
prevents water loss by transpiration
EPIDERMIS
64
the LEAST SPECIALIZED PERMANENT TISSUE composed of living thin-walled cells
PARENCHYMA
65
these cells help to synthesize and STORE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS in the plant
PARENCHYMA
66
the MIDDLE TISSUE LAYER of leaves that is composed of parenchyma cells; this layer contains plant CHLOROPLASTS
MESOPHYLL
67
ELONGATED CYLINDRICAL CELLS with long axis at the right angle to the surface of the organ
CHLORENCHYMA
68
specialized for gas exchange
AERENCHYMA
69
ONE TYPE CELL
SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUE
70
have a support function in plants, particularly in YOUNGER PLANTS
COLLENCHYMA CELLS
71
help to support plants while not restraining growth. these cells are elongated in shape and have thick primary cell walls composed of carbohydrate polymers cellulose and pectin
COLLENCHYMA CELLS
72
they are able to stretch along with a plant as it grows
COLLENCHYMA CELLS
73
collenchyma cells are found in the ____ of stems
CORTEX
74
a layer between the epidermis and vascular tissue
CORTEX
75
have a HARDENING AGENT in their cell walls and are much more RIGID
SCHLERENCHYMA
76
have varied sizes and shapes, and most volume of these cells is taken up by the cell wall
SCLEREIDS
77
elongated, SLENDER CELLS that are STRAND-LIKE in appearance. these are STRONG and FLEXIBLE and are found in stems, roots, fruit walls, and leaf vascular bundles
FIBERS
78
the OUTER IMPERMEABLE protective layer of a secondary plant body
CORK
79
composed of compactly arranged DEAD LIGNIFIED and suberized cells WITHOUT INTERCELLULAR SPACES
CORK
80
has a hardening agent in the TISSUE that makes it rigid and capable of functioning in STRUCTURAL SUPPORT AND TRANSPORTATION
XYLEM
81
TRANSPORT WATER throughout the plant
XYLEM
82
ONE OR MORE / DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS
COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUE
83
stacks of coins with double membranes
GRANA (singular: granum)
84
liquid portion of the chloroplast; a colorless fluid matrix
STROMA
85
if exposed to light, some ___ wil develop into chloroplasts, and vice versa
LEUCOPLAST
86
they are found in the NON-PHOTOSYNTHETIS tissue of plants. used for storage of protein, lipids, and starch
LEUCOPLAST
87
contains chlorophyll
CHLOROPLAST
88
contains carotenoids
CHROMOPLAST
89
no pigment
LEUCOPLAST
90
a membrane that SURROUNDS the CENTRAL VACUOLE
TONOPLAST
91
its vital function apart from storage is to SUSTAIN TURGOR PRESSURE AGAINST THE CELL WALL
CENTRAL VACUOLE
92
the central vacuole consists of
CELL SAP
93
sicentific name: strangleworth
CYNANCHUM ACUTUM
94
cells that can provide structural support for tissues while maintaining FLEXIBILITY
COLLENCHYMA CELLS
95
two types of sclerenchyma cells
SCLEREIDS AND FIBERS
96
composed of different kind of cells but perform the same function.
COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUE
97
resembleOPEN-ENDED TUBES that are arranged end to end allowing water to flow within the tubes
VESSEL ELEMENTS
98
have hardened secondary cell walls and function in water conduction
TRACHEIDS
99
specialized parenchyma cells that carry out metabolic functions for sieve tube elements
COMPANION CELLS
100
Phloem also contains ____ cells that provide structural support by increasing RIGIDITY and FLEXIBILITY.
SCLERENCHYMA
101
The cells of _______ have few organelles allowing for easier passage of nutrients
SEIVE TUBE ELEMENTS
102
Three main types in angiosperms
apical, intercalary and lateral
103
A structure known as the _____ DUPLICATES ITSELF to form two daughter ___ that migrate to opposite ends of the cell.
CENTROSOMES
104
The centrosomes organize the production of microtubules that form the spindle fibers that constitute the ______
MITOTIC SPINDLE
105
Each replicated chromosome can now be seen to consist of two identical _____ (or sister _____)
CHROMATIDS
106
chromatids are held together by
CENTROMERE
107
equatorial plane in the mid-line of the cell
METAPHASE PLATE
108
Individual spindle fibers bind to a ____ structure on each side of the centromere.
KINETOCHORE
109
final stage of mitosis
TELOPHASE
110
final cellular division to form two new cells
CYTOKINESIS
111
sex cells division
MEIOSIS

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