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BIO 150.01 > M3: Population Ecology > Flashcards

M3: Population Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a group of individuals of species in a specific area?

A

Population

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2
Q

What is characteristics of a population?

A
  1. Distribution
  2. Spacing of individiuals
  3. Density
  4. Age distribution
  5. Birth & Death Rates
    6.Growth Rate
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3
Q

What are the cause of geographic distribution?

A
  1. Environment
  2. Population
    - Behavior
    - Physiology
    - Anatomy
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4
Q

What is the environmental factor influencing growth, survival, and reproduction of species?

A

Niche

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5
Q

What is the physiochemical condition allowing survival/reproduction of species?

A

Fundamental Niche

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6
Q

What is the actual niche limited by biotic interactions (competition, predation, disease, parasitism)?

A

Realized Niche

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7
Q

What is a small-scale population pattern where an individual has an equal probability of occurring anywhere in an area?

A

Random Pattern

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8
Q

What is a small-scale population pattern where an individual are uniformly spaced through the environment?

A

Regular Pattern

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9
Q

What is a small-scale population pattern where an individual lives in areas of high local abundance separated by areas of low abundance?

A

Clumped

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Population can be clumped in large scales?

A

TRUE

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11
Q

What is the relationship between population density and body size?

A

Indirectly Proportional

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12
Q

What is the formula for population size?

A

Nt = Nt-1 + B + I - D - E

Number of individuals in population at a time (Nt)
Number of individuals at previous time (Nt-1)
Number of births between t and t-1 (B)
Number of immigrants between t and t-1 (I)
Number of deaths (D)
Number of emigrants (E)

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13
Q

What is are the factors under population dynamics?

A
  • Population Growth
  • Population Decline
  • Maintenance of Populations
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14
Q

What is the increase or decrease of local population densities?

A

Dispersal

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15
Q

What is a type of dispersal where it enters into the population?

A

Immigration

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16
Q

What is a type of dispersal where it goes out of the population?

A

Emigration

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17
Q

What is part of larger population but limited dispersal?

A

Subpopulation

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18
Q

What is a connected subpopulations by exchange of individuals?

A

Metapopulation

19
Q

What is survivorship + mortality?

A

Life Table

20
Q

What are table indicates individuals that are born during the same period?

A

Cohort Life Table

21
Q

What is the survival within a short time?

A

Static Life Table

22
Q

What is the formula for Per capita increase (r)?

A

r = (lnRo)/T

23
Q

What is the proportion of ages within a population?

A

Age Distribution

24
Q

What is the survivorship curve where juvenile survival is high and most mortality occurs among older individuals?

A

Type I

25
Q

What survivorship curve where individuals die at a high rate during juveniles and then at a much lower rates later in life?

A

Type III

26
Q

What survivorship curve where individuals die at equal rates regardless of age?

A

Type II

27
Q

What is the formula for Geometric Rate of Increase?

A

y = (Nt+1)/(Nt)
Geometric Rate of Increase (y)
Population in some future time (Nt+1)
Population at earlier time (Nt)

28
Q

What is the formula for generation time?

A

T = (Elxmx)/Ro

29
Q

What is the formula for Per capita increase (r)?

A

r = (lnRo)/T

30
Q

What is the formula for Net Reproductive Rate?

A

Ro = Elxmx
Net Reproduction Rate (Ro)
Proportion of surviving population at age x (lx)
Number of births at age x (mx)

31
Q

What is the relationship of variables in geometric and exponential growth?

A

As population size (N) increases, the rate of population increase (dN/dt) gets larger and larger.

32
Q

What is the formula for geometric growth and exponential growth?

A

dN/dt = rN
Nt = Noe^(rt)

33
Q

What is the formula for logistic growth?

A

dN/dt = rmaxN(1 - N/K)

34
Q

What is the carrying capacity or theoretical maximum population?

A

K

35
Q

What does r < 0 interpret?

A

Population is declining

36
Q

What does r = 0 interpret?

A

Population is stable

37
Q

What does r > 0 interpret?

A

Population is increasing

38
Q

What does N < K interpret?

A

r is positive, population grows

39
Q

What does N = K interpret?

A

r is 0

40
Q

What does N > K interpret?

A

r is negative, population declines

41
Q

What is the relationship between r and population size?

A

r is inversely proportional to population size

42
Q

What factors are influenced by population density?

A

Density-dependent factors

43
Q

What factors are independent of population density?

A

Density-independent factors

BIO 150.01 (13 decks)

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