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NCM 106 > M3B - ANTIMICROBIAL > Flashcards

M3B - ANTIMICROBIAL Flashcards

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1
Q

Gram Positive Microorganisms

A

Staphylococcus Aureus
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Group B Streptococcus
Clostridium Perfringens

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2
Q

Gram Negative Microorganisms

A

Neisseria Meningitides
Escherichia Coli
Haemophilus Influenzae

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3
Q

Selective Toxicity (3 ways of action)

A

Disruption of bacterial cell wall
Inhibition on enzyme unique to bacteria
Disruption of bacterial protein synthesis

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4
Q

Topical antimicrobial that inhibits growth and reproduction without necessarily killing MOs

A

Antiseptic

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5
Q

Bactericidal drugs

A

Penicillin

Cephalosporins

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6
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Tetracycline

Sulfonamides

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7
Q

Administration of meds based on practitioner’s presumptive treatment of an infection

A

Emperic Therapy

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8
Q

Inhibition of cell wall (Bactericidal Effect) (Drugs) (PCBV)

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Bacitracin
Vancomycin

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9
Q

Alteration of Membrane Permeability (Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal) (Drugs) (ANPC)

A

Amphotericin B
Nystatin
Polymyxin
Colistin

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10
Q

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis (Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal) (Drugs) (ATEL)

A

Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
Lincomycin

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11
Q

Inhibition of synthesis of bacterial RNA & DNA

A

Fluoroquinolones

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12
Q

Interference with cellular metabolism (Bacteriostatic) (Drugs) (STINR)

A 
Sulfonamides 
Trimethoprim
Isoniazid (INH)
Nalidixic acid 
Rifampin
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13
Q

Infection acquired by a person who has not recently been hospitalized or had a medical procedure

A

Community-associated infections

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14
Q

Infection that a patient acquires during the course of receiving treatment for another condition in the healthcare facility

A

Healthcare-associated infection | Nasocomial infection

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15
Q

Healthcare-associated infection

CLABI
CAUTI
SSI
VAP
MRSA
A

CLABI - Central-Line Associated Blood Infection
CAUTI - Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection
SSI - Surgical Site Infection
VAP - Ventilator Associatd Pneumonia
MRSA - Methicillin-Resistant Stphalococcus Aureus

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16
Q

Growth of MOs on the skin, open wounds, mucous membrane etc. without causing infection, no need for antibiotic treatment.

A

Colonization

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17
Q

Occurs when antibiotics reduce/completely eliminate normal flora permitting fungi or other bacteria to take over and cause infection

A

Superinfection

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18
Q

The genetic abnormality that results in enzyme deficiency.

A

G6PD

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19
Q

G6PD + ______; _______; ________ = hemolysis

Drugs

A

Sulfonamides
Nitrofurantoin
Dapsone

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20
Q

Many antibiotics that pass through the placenta can cause harm to developing fetus.

A

Teratogens

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21
Q

Identify the organism and check which antibiotics will work.

A

Culture & Sensitivity

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22
Q

Cell wall synthesis (MOA) (Drugs)

A 
Beta-lactams
Vancomycin
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Cycloserine 
Ethionamide
Bacitracin
Polymyxin
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23
Q

DNA Replication

A

Quinolones

Metronidazole

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24
Q

RNA Synthesis

A

Rifampin

Rifabutin

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25
Protein Synthesis (50S Ribosomes)
Chloramphenicol Macrolides Clindamycin Streptogramins
26
Protein Synthesis (30S Ribosomes)
Aminoglycosides Tetracycline Oxazolidinone
27
Antimetabolites
Sulfonamides Dapsone Trimethoprim Para-aminosalicylic acid
28
Sulfonamides (Indication)
Effective against Gram (+) and Gram (-) MOS Treatment of UTIs Respiratory Tract Infection Prophylaxis Treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV (P. Jirovecii)
29
Sulfonamides (Medications)
Sulfamethoxazole - combined with trimethoprim Sulfisoxazole - combined with erythromycin Sulfasalazine - treat ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis Bactrim Forte Cotrimoxazole
30
Sulfonamides (MOA)
Anti-metabolites | Inhibit growth by preventing bacterial synthesis of folic acid interrupting the synthesis of DNA and RNA.
31
Penicillin (Beta Lactam) [MOA]
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)
32
Penicillin (Beta Lactam) [Indication]
Effective against Gram (+) MOs, extended-spectrum is capable of killing both (+) and (-) and anaerobic coverage.
33
Natural Penicillin (Type)
Penicillin G Penicillin V Benzathine pen G Spectrum - narrow spectrum; gram (+); penicillinase sensitive
34
Penicillinase resistant (Type)
``` Methicillin Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Nafcillin Oxacillin ``` Spectrum - narrow spectrum; gram (+); synthesized to be penicillinase-resistant
35
Aminopenicillins (Type)
Amoxicillin Ampicillin Spectrum - broad-spectrum; some gram (-) activity also; penicillinase sensitive
36
Extended Spectrum (Type)
``` Azlocillin Carbenicillin Mezlocillin Piperacillin Ticarcillin ``` Spectrum - active against pseudomonas; relatively ineffective against gram (-) organisms
37
Penicillin with Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors (Medications)
Amoxicillin - Clavulanate (Augmentin) Piperacillin - Tazabactam (Zosyn) Ampicillin - Silbactam (Unasyn)
38
Penicillin (Nursing Intervention) *all penicillin has a risk for allergic reaction* Allergic Reaction - Immediate: 20 min after admin.: - Accelerated: 1 - 72 hrs.: - Late Acceleration: 72 hrs. to several weeks:
Allergic Reaction - Immediate: 20 min after admin.: apprehension, itching, paresthesia, wheezing, choking, fever, edema, urticaria - Accelerated: 1 - 72 hrs.: Urticaria - Late Acceleration: 72 hrs. to several weeks: Skin rashes
39
Cephalosporins (Beta-Lactam) [MOA}
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis (bacterocidal)
40
Cephalosporins (Beta-Lactam) [Indication] 3rd gen: 4th gen:
3rd gen: prophylaxis (nosocomial infection) | 4th gen: MOs w/ multiple drug resistance
41
First Generation Cephalosporin (Type) [Medication]
Cefazolin Cephalexin Spectrum- narrow-spectrum similar to broad-spectrum penicillins, sensitive to B-lactamases
42
Second Generation Cephalosporins (Type) [Medicatino]
Cefaclor Cefamandole Cefoxitin Spectrum - increased activity toward gram (-) MOs; increased stability
43
Third Generation Cephalosporins (Type) [Medication]
Cefotaxime Ceftazidime Ceftriaxone Spectrum - even broader in spectrum and more resistant to B-lactamases
44
Fourth Generation Cephalosporins (Type) [Medication]
Cefepime Cefpirome Spectrum - Gram (+) and gram (-) act.; against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; includes gram (-) MOS w/ multiple drug resistance patterns
45
Carbapenem (Beta Lactam) [MOA]
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis (bacterocidal)
46
Carbapenem (Beta Lactam) [Indication]
Broadest activity, reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infection Gram (+)
47
Carbapenem (Beta-Lactam) [Medication]
Imipenem/Cilastatin Meropenem Ertapenem Doripenem
48
Monobactam (Beta-Lactam) [MOA]
Inhibit bacterial bell wall synthesis (bactericidal)
49
Monobactam (Beta-Lactam) [Indication]
Aerobic gram (-) bacteria Treatment of moderately severe systemic infections and UTIs DOC for Pseudomonas
50
Monobactam (Beta-Lactam) [Medication]
Aztreonam
51
Macrolides [MOA}
Inhibit protein synthesis; bacteriostatic to bactericidal
52
Macrolides (Indication)
Gram (+) and (-) and some protozoa, acne. DOC for chlamydia, mycoplasma, ricketssia, H. pylori, Cholera, Photosensitivity, Candidiasis
53
Macrolides (Medication)
Demeclocycline Oxytetracycline Tetracycline
54
Aminoglycosides (MOA)
Inhibit protein synthesis (bacterocidal)
55
Aminoglycosides (Indication)
Serious gram (+) and (-) MOs
56
Aminoglycosides (Medication)
Amikacin Gentamicin Tobramycin
57
Quinolones (MOA)
Alter DNA (bactericidal)
58
Quinolones (Indication)
Gram (-) nad some gram (+) UTI and respiratory tract infections.
59
Quinolones (Medication)
Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin
60
Vancomycin (Indication)
Only effective against gram-positive organisms Poorly absorbed orally Cause cytotoxicity (tinnitus, high-tone daefness, hearing loss)
61
Bacitracin (SE/Usage)
Causes serious nephrotoxicity Better to be used only topically
62
Clindamycin (Must know)
Penetrates most tissues including bone Effective against anaerobes ` Difficle is resistant to clindamycin
63
Chloramphenicol (Indications)
Effective against most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria except P. Associated with bone marrow depression (aplastic anemia [fatal]) Reserved for life-threatening infections d/t serious side effects Produces gray baby syndrome (fatal) – hypotension and cyanosis
64
Use sun block to TAN:
Tetracycline Aminoglycosides NSAIDS
65
EAR no more (tinnitus as side effects)
Erythromycin | Aminoglycosides
66
No TEA for Children!
Tetracycline | Aspirin
67
Antibitotics
``` Sulfonamides Penicillin (beta-lactam) Cephalosporins (beta-lactam) Carbapenem (beta-lactam) Monobactam (beta-lactam) Macrolides Tetracyclines Aminoglycosides Quinolones Vancomycin Bacitracin Clindamycin Chloramphenicol ```
68
First line Antitubercolusis Drugs (IRES)
Isoniazid Rifampin Ethambutol Streptomycin
69
Antifungal Drug Groups
``` Polyenes Azoles Antimetabolic Antiprotozoals Echinocandins ```

NCM 106 (6 decks)

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