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Logcird > M4_Design Procedure and Combinational Logic > Flashcards

M4_Design Procedure and Combinational Logic Flashcards

1
Q

Uses bipolar transistor as the principal circuit element

A

Transistor-transistor Logic (TTL)

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2
Q

Based on bipolar transistors

A

Transistor-transistor Logic (TTL)

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3
Q

Widely used families for small-and-medium-scale devices- rarely used for VLSI

A

Transistor-transistor Logic (TTL)

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4
Q

Uses the field-effect transistor as the principal circuit element

A

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Integrated

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5
Q

Widely used for large-scale devices

A

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Integrated

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6
Q

Combines HIGH SPEED with LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION

A

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Integrated

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7
Q

Use the bipolar transistors configured as a differential amplifier

A

Emitter Couple Logic (ECL) Integrated

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8
Q

Based on bipolar transistors, BUT removes of storage time by preventing transistors from saturating

A

Emitter Couple Logic (ECL) Integrated

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9
Q

Very fast operation-propagation delays of 1 ns or less
High power consumption, perhaps 60 Mw/gate

A

Emitter Couple Logic (ECL) Integrated

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10
Q

Sometimes referred to as fan in or fan out

A

Drive capabilities

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11
Q

Number of inputs of a logic family that can be driven by a single output
Specified the number of standard loads that can be connected to the output of the gate without degrading its normal operation

A

Fan out

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12
Q

Fan out formula to know the number of gates that can be connected to the output

A

(Output High/input high)=(Output low/input low)=no of gates

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13
Q
  • It is the load an input places on an output
A

Fan in

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14
Q
  • Has to do with the “speed” of the logic element
    • LOWER **: means higher speed which is desirable
    • Average transition delay time for the signal to propagate from input to output when the binary signal changes in value
A

Propagation Delay

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15
Q
  • As propagation delays INCREASE, power consumption and heat generation INCREASE
A

Power Dissipation

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16
Q
  • Maximum noise voltage added to an input signal of a digital circuit that does not cause an undesirable change in the circuit output
  • Expressed in volts and represents the maximum noise signal that can be tolerated by the gate
A

Noise Margin

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17
Q

-easier to fabricate transistor than diodes
-When DIODES are required, transistors are used

A

Changing DTL to TTL

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18
Q

Anode of the input diodes are common

A

TTL: Multi Emitter Transistor

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19
Q

remaining changes in the evolution from DTL to TTL made to achieve increased speed

A

TTL Increase Switching Speed

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20
Q

Limiting transition speed which is called capacitive load, consisting of the capacitances of the reversed-biased diodes of the fan-out gates and any stray wiring capacitance

A

TTL Collector Capacitance

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21
Q
  • STANDARD TTL output config with HIGH output and a LOW output transistor
    ○ Only one of which is active anytime
    • A PHASE SPLOTTER TRANSISTOR controls which transistor is active
A

TOTEM POLE OUTPUT

22
Q
  • Three possibe output states: Logic HIGH, logic LOW, and a high-impedance state(z)
    • Created with circuitry to cut off both totem pole Output resistors
A

Tristate Output

23
Q
  • Much more difficult logic family around whuch to design a digital system
    • Maybe faster than most application require
    • Used in supercomputers like CRAY, FUJITSU and NEX and in specialist computing systems such as SGI
    • Operates on the principle of current switching
A

Emitter Coupled Logic

24
Q
  • Non-saturated digital logic family
    • Propagation rate as low as 1-2 ns
    • Used mostly in high speed circuits
    • Noise immunity and Power dissipation is the worst of all logic families
    • High level -0.8V, low level -1.8V
A

Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL)

25
Q
  • If one were to fabricate PMOS and NMOS devices on the same substrate to build ___ circuits, there would be a basic inconsistency in substrates
A

Complementary MOS Transistors

26
Q
  • A group of binary cells suitable for holding binary info
    • A group of flip flops constitutes **
A

Registers

27
Q

○ ___: binary cell capable of storing one bit of info

A

FLIP FLOPS

28
Q
  • A register that goes thru a predetermined sequence of states upon the application of input pulses
    • Sequential circuit that goes through a prescribed sequence of states upon the application if input pulses
A

Counter

29
Q

___: Input pulses; may be clock pules

A

Count pules

30
Q
  • Collection of storage cells together with associated circuits needed to transfer info in and out of the storage
A

Memory Unit

31
Q
  • A group of flipflops sensitive to pulse DURATION
A

Latch

32
Q
  • A group of flip flops sensitive to pulse TRANSITION
A

Register

33
Q
  • A transfer of new info into a register; done in parallel
A

Loading

34
Q
  • Capable of shifting its binary info either to the right or left
A

Shift Register

35
Q
  • A digi system operates in serial mode when info is transferred and manipulated on bit at a time
A

Serial Transfer

36
Q
  • The time interval between clock pulses
A

Bit Time

37
Q
  • Time required to shift the entire contents of a shift register
A

Word Time

38
Q
  • FLIP FLOP output transition serves as a source for triggering other flip flops
    • Flip flip output transition=source for triggering other flip flops
      CP inputs of all flip flips are not triggered not by the incoming pulses but rather by the transition that occurs in other flip flops
A

Ripple counter

39
Q
  • Distinguised from ripple counters in that clock pulses are applied to the CP inputs of all flip flops
    ○ Binary counter
    ○ Binary up down counter
    ○ BCD counter
A

Synchronous Counters

40
Q
  • Follows the binary sequence
    • An n-bit binary counter consists of n flip-flops and can count in binary from 0 to 2^n0-1
A

Binary Counter

41
Q
  • The seq of operations in a digital system are specifed by a control unit
    • The control unit that supervises the operations a digital system would normally consists of timing signals that determine the time seq in which the operations are executed
A

Time Sequence

42
Q
  • The control unit in a serial computer must generate a word time signal that stays on for a numebr of pulses equal to the numebr of bits in the shoft geisters
    • Can be generated by means of a counter that counts the required number of pulses
A

Word Time Generation

43
Q
  • A circular shift register with only one flip flop being set at any particular time
    • All others are cleared
A

Ring Counter

44
Q

A k out switch tail counter with 2k decoding gates to provide outputs for 2k timing signals

A

Johnson Counter

45
Q
  • Memory cells can be accessed for info transfer to or from any desired random location
A

Random Access Memory

46
Q
  • a _____is a collection of storage cells together with associated circuits needed to transfer info in and out of the device
A

memory unit

47
Q
  • Time required to select a word either read or write it
A

Access Time

48
Q
  • Consist of essentially of interval flip flops that store the binary nifo
    • The stored info remain valid as long as power is applied to the unit
A

Static RAM

49
Q
  • The binary info in the form of electrical charges that are applied to capacitors
A

Dynamic RAM

50
Q

ERROR CORRECTING CODE
- Generated and stored along with the data word in memory

A

Parity Bit

51
Q
  • If the check bits do not compare with the stored parity, they generate a unique pattern call __ that can be used to identify the bit in error
A

Syndrome

52
Q
  • One of the most common error correcting codes used in random access memories that was devised by R.W Hamming
A

Hamming Code

Logcird (2 decks)

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