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Science, Technology, and Society > M5: Genetically Modified Organisms > Flashcards

M5: Genetically Modified Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Who first isolated DNA in 1869.

A

Friedrich Miescher

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2
Q

Who discovered DNA’s structure in 1953.

A

Francis Crick and James Watson

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3
Q

Who combined genes from two different viruses for the first time in history in 1972.

A

Paul Berg

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4
Q

Made the first GM bacteria in 1973.

A

Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen

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5
Q

Made the first GM animal, a mouse, in 1974.

A

Rudolf Jaenisch

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6
Q

Founded Genentech, the first genetic
engineering company, in 1976.

A

Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson

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7
Q

Made the first GM plant, an antibiotic-resistant strain of tobacco, in
1983.

A

Michael W. Bevan
Richard B. Flavell
Mary-Dell Chilton

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8
Q

First GMO animal; a Zebra fish modified to glow in the dark.

A

GloFish

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9
Q

A process involving the alteration of the genetic
make-up of one’s organism.

A

Recombinant DNA technology

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10
Q

The term used to refer to an organism created through recombinant DNA technology; any organism, in which its genetic material (DNA) has been manipulated to produce phenotypic traits, such traits would not occur naturally (by mating or natural recombination).

A

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

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11
Q

3 main methods of genetic engineering.

A

Plasmid Method
Vector Method
Biolistic Method

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12
Q

Utilizes small circular pieces of DNA of bacteria with the aid of restriction enzymes; most commonly used method of
modifying the genetic material of any organism.

A

Plasmid Method

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13
Q

Uses a virus that serves as a vector (carrier) of the desired trait; involves the introduction of the desired trait into the virus, the virus is then inserted into the host cell and will soon replicate
expressing all the desired features.

A

Vector Method

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14
Q

Also known as the gene gun method; is done by firing a gene gun containing the desired genes into the host; similar to that of vaccination; mainly for the engineering of the plants.

A

Biolistic Method

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15
Q

GMOs in food and agricultural industries.

A

Pest resistance
Virus resistance
Herbicide tolerance
Fortification
Cosmetic prevention

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16
Q

These plants are genetically modified to resist certain pests.

A

Pest resistance

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17
Q

These plants are genetically modified to resist certain viruses.

A

Virus resistance

18
Q

Example of pest resistant plant.

A

BT Corn

19
Q

Example of virus resistant plant.

A

GM Papaya or Rainbow Papaya

20
Q

These plants are genetically modified to tolerate herbicide.

A

Herbicide tolerance

21
Q

Example of herbicide tolerant plant.

A

Roundup Ready Soybeans

22
Q

These plants are genetically modified fortified with certain meals.

A

Fortification

23
Q

Example of fortified plant.

A

Golden rice

24
Q

These plants are genetically modified to resist natural discoloration.

A

Cosmetic preservation

25
Q

Example of cosmetic preserved plant.

A

Artic apple

26
Q

GMO’s in Non-Food Crops and Microorganisms.

A

Paper production
Pharmaceutical productions
GMO’s in the medical field

27
Q

Tress are modified for a higher yield of this production.

A

Paper production

28
Q

Plants are modified to produce this products.

A

Pharmaceutical productions

29
Q

Significant benefits of genetic engineering is evident in the medical field.

A

GMO’s in the medical field

30
Q

Example of paper production plant.

A

Poplar tree

31
Q

Example of pharmaceutical plant.

A

Periwinkle plants

32
Q

Insulin production by genetically modified bacteria.

A

Humalog or Humalin

33
Q

The release of genetically modified plants into the environment could have disastrous consequences for biodiversity.

A

Risks to biodiversity

34
Q

There is a potential risk of the modified gene to be transferred from the GMO crop to its wild relative or organism in the soil and humans.

A

Risk in gene flow

35
Q

Genetic material can enter the human body through food, bacteria, viruses, vaccines
and, pharmaceuticals.

A

Risk to Humanity

36
Q

Mapping of human genes to provide a framework for research and studies in the field of medicine.

A

Human Genome Project

37
Q

What is the first GM animal made in 1974?

A

A mouse

38
Q

What is the first genetic engineering company (1976)?

A

Genentech

39
Q

What is the first GM plant?

A

Antibiotic-resistant strain of tobacco

40
Q

Small circular pieces of DNA of bacteria.

A

Plasmid

Science, Technology, and Society (4 decks)

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