M6 topic 2 Mega cities

Question 1

What are mega cities

Answer 1

A city with at least 10 million, within the developing world

Question 2

Why are there so many people in mega cities

Answer 2

Urbanisation

Question 3

what push-pull factors are contributing to urbanisation in mega cities (2) (4)

Answer 3

.Push                                         
- Famine                               
- War                                                                             
- Landlessness (fragmentation)
-  Poverty  
 .Pull
- Employment opportunities
- Bright light syndrome
 - liveability 
- education

Question 4

What is happening in mega cities in the developing world (1 (3))

Answer 4

Over Urbanisation due to :
Rapid population growth
Expansion of Agri-Business (cash cropping
Less manufacturing jobs

Question 5

what is the effect of over urbanisation in mega cities in the developing world

Answer 5

Growth of the informal sector (70% of all employment eg beggars, prostitutes, shoe polishers.) Less money for the public purse, to improve and create better infrastructure.

Question 6

what are the characteristics of mega cities (5)

Answer 6

• High Density
• High Risk + vulnerability
• Socio-Economic Disparity
• Poor Governance
• Highly Dynamic

Question 7

Examples of high Density in mega cities (1)

Answer 7

The slum of Dharavi, area 1 million people in 1 square mile

Question 8

Examples of High risk & vulnerability in mega cities (2)

Answer 8

• Due to ecological strain, 40% of Jakarta is below sea level, issues of flooding up to 7m
• Pour waste disposal & lack of sanitation 680 million hectares of raw sewage in kolkata

Question 9

examples of socio-economic disparity in mega cities (1)

Answer 9

Large social division between rich and poor 2% (24 million people) in india are millionaires.

Question 10

Examples of Poor governance in mega cities (1)

Answer 10

Cairo’s government using trickle down approach by supplying affordable housing too far from CBD.

Question 11

Examples of Highly dynamic mega cities (2)

Answer 11

• Inadequate transport: 280 cars & 2000 motorbikes registered in jakarta every 24 hours
• Massive infrastructure deficits: 12 day traffic jam for 10 kilometer expressway in China

Question 12

where are Mega cities generally located

Answer 12

within the tropical band, with majority of them in asia

Question 13

List examples of Mega cities in Asia (3)

Answer 13

Mumbai
Jakarta
Beijing

Question 14

List examples of mega cities in Africa (3)

Answer 14

Cairo
Lagos
Nigeria

Question 15

List examples of mega cities in South America (3)

Answer 15

Mexico City
Rio de Janeiro
São Paulo

Question 16

what are the main challenges living in megacities (5)

Answer 16

• Wastes (air, water, noise and waste disposal)
• Infrastructure problems
• Shelter (housing problems)
• Health and nutrition problems
• Employment (Joblessness) and Education Problems
• Sewage and sanitation

Question 17

List an example of a challenge Water and sewage problems

Answer 17

Bangkok, Thailand
Challenge:
-66% of people have access to piped drinking water within the city, 8% of people having piped water outside, 6% from wells and 20% from other sources.

• Overuse of groundwater has led to 1,000 square kilometres of land sinking at a rate of 5-10 cm per year, leading to extensive seasonal flooding.

Question 18

List an example of a response Water and sewage problems (1 (6))

Answer 18

the government introduced projects provides:

• drainage systems
• storage capacity
• Large-scale dyking
• pumping facilities,
• extension and improvement of the existing canal
• construction of flood barriers

Question 19

List an example of a challenge and response to Infrastructure problems

Answer 19

Asia
Substantial investments in infrastructure have not been made in the past 15 years by national, regional and local governments, organisations around the world resulting in the quality of life being diminished

Question 20

List an example of a challenge and response to Infrastructure problems

Answer 20

The Philippines will have its first subway system from Mindanao Avenue in Quezon City to the airport in Pasay City by 2024. In order to decrease congestion on roads.

Question 21

List an example of a challenge and response to Shelter (housing problems)

Answer 21

Cairo

Manshiyat Naser Slum accounts for 60% of the cities informal housing

Question 22

List an example of a challenge and response to Shelter (housing problems) (5)

Answer 22

GTZ + Cairo government (NGO & Government)

1. Allow slum dwellers to buy underpriced land deed
2. Exchange for taking out a bank loan
3. Establish small business in slum
4. Taxes collected from formal employment
5. Add infrastructure

Question 23

List an example of a challenge and response to Health and nutrition problems

Answer 23

Asia
45 million working children between 10 and 14 years of age in the informal economy, in unhygienic work environment, harassment and abuse from employers, and lack of any protection.

Question 24

List an example of a challenge and response to Health and nutrition problems (4 (2))

Answer 24

ILO + UNICEF + Anti-Slavery Society + Minority Rights Group
Engaged in the welfare and development of working children. International labour conferences have adopted conventions prohibiting:
- The employment of children under a certain age
- Regulating working conditions in some occupations.

Question 25

List an example of a challenge and response to Employment (Joblessness) and Education Problems

Answer 25

Kolkata
Kolkata Slum, children often do not have access to education, because tuition is required in all “formal” schools in India. “Non-formal” schools are tuition-free, but graduates do not receive a diploma and be less favored candidates for good jobs, continuing the cycle of poverty.

Question 26

List an example of a challenge and response to Employment (Joblessness) and Education Problems

Answer 26

Rosalie Giffoniello, co-founder of Empower the Children

-Teaches for free, her educational program, innovative language curriculum, developed in the U.S.A, and teaches teachers the program in order for them to teach independently.