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M8 Aerodynamics > M8 > Flashcards

M8 Flashcards

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1
Q

How is static pressure denoted?

A

Letter P

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2
Q

How is Dynamic pressure denoted?

A

Letter q

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3
Q

What direction does static pressures travel in?

A

All directions

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4
Q

What direction does dynamic pressure travel in?

A

Direction of flow?

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5
Q

What is the temperature at sea level?

A

15 degrees 288 Kelvin

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6
Q

How is speed of sound denoted?

A

Letter a

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7
Q

What is the density at sea level?

A

1.225 kg/m cubed

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8
Q

What is the equation for speed of sound?

A

A = 20 square root of temperature

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9
Q

What is the pressure at sea level?

A

1013.25

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10
Q

What is the subsonic region?

A

Travelling below the speed of sound and the region up until Mcrit

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11
Q

Where will the pressure waves be when travelling in the subsonic region?

A

Around the aircraft

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12
Q

What is the transonic region?

A

Region between Mcrit and up to Mach 1.3. Will be travelling at the speed of sound

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13
Q

Where are the pressure waves when travelling in the transonic region?

A

Shockwave starts to form as pressure wave cannot escape the front of the aircraft

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14
Q

What is Mcrit?

A

The maximum speed at which an aircraft can travel before forming a shockwave

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15
Q

What is the supersonic region

A

Travelling faster then the speed of sound, Mach number is larger then 1.3

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16
Q

Where are the pressure waves when travelling in the supersonic region?

A

Behind the aircraft?

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17
Q

What is the equation for dynamic pressure?

A

q = 0.5 x Rho x V squared

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18
Q

What is a property of air in the subsonic region?

A

Incompressible

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19
Q

How does a jet outlet work

A

Diameter decreases and speed increases

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20
Q

How does the diffuser outlet work?

A

Diameter increases and speed decreases

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21
Q

What is the stagnation point?

A

Point on the leading edge where dynamic pressure is = 0 and static pressure is = total pressure

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22
Q

Explain the continuity equation

A

Speed of airflow is inversely proportional to cross sectional area of the tube as long as the diameter remains constant

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23
Q

How do you work out the Mach number?

A

Speed of aircraft / speed of sound

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24
Q

What is up wash?

A

Streamlines pass the upper surface of the aerofoil

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25
What is down wash?
Streamlines on the upper surface on the trailing edge flow downwards of the aerofoil
26
What is the Magnus effect?
Cylindrical rotation which causes an increase of local speed above the win and a decrease of local speed below the wing
27
What is a general rule about vortices?
They always form in pairs and rotate anti clockwise
28
Where is the max camber of a low speed profile found?
5% of chord line and 45% aft of leading edge
29
Where is the max thickness of a low speed profile found?
18% of chord line and 30% aft of leading edge?
30
How do you determine the angle of incidence?
Chord line of profile and longitudinal axis of the aircraft
31
How is the angle of incidence denoted?
Gamma
32
How is the angle of attack determined?
Angle between the chord and the direction of wind
33
How do you work out wing area?
Wing span x average chord
34
How is taper ratio found?
CR / CT
35
What is aspect ratio?
Wing span / average chord
36
What type of a/c has a high aspect ratio?
Gliders
37
What type of a/c have a low aspect ratio?
Fighter jets
38
If there is a higher aspect ratio then what is there less off?
Induced drag
39
Which direction do positive sweep wings go?
Backwards
40
Which direction do negative sweep wings go?
Forwards
41
If the wing is more swept back then what ca this achieve?
Higher lateral stability
42
What are dihedral angled wings?
Wings that angle upwards
43
What do dihedral wings achieve?
More lateral stability
44
What are anhedral wings?
Wings which are angled downwards
45
What benefits do anhedral wings have?
Increases roll performance and monouverability
46
What 4 factors does lift and drag depend on?
q Surface area Shape of profile Angle of attack
47
What is the equation for theoretical lift?
1/2 x Rho x V^2 x Surface area
48
What is lift in comparison to the relative wind?
Perpendicular
49
What is drag in comparison to the relative wind?
Parallel
50
How do you work out the Cl of lift?
Measured lift / theoretical lift
51
What is the total lift equation?
1/2 x Rho x V^2 x S x Cl
52
What is alpha max?
Th maximum angle of attack which can be achieved before a stall occurs
53
What can ice on the profile surface do?
Reduce the maximum Cl | Reduce the maximum angle of attack
54
What is the polar diagram?
Determines the best angle of attack for each aircraft by combining the lift and drag coefficients for each angle of attack and using a tangent line to determine which one is best
55
Higher glide ratio = ?
Lower induced drag
56
What are the 3 types of drag?
Induced Parasite Compressible
57
What is the cause of induced drag?
Lift
58
What are the 3 types of parasitic drag?
Form Friction Interference
59
What does form drag involve?
The distribution of pressure
60
What does friction drag involve?
Air particles getting trapped on skin
61
What does interference drag involve?
Sharp edges
62
How do you reduce friction drag?
Smoother skin
63
How do you reduce interference drag?
Using fairings
64
If the form drag is high then what will the friction drag be?
Low
65
Where is the laminar boundary found?
From the leading edge to the maximum thickness
66
Do the air particles move from layer to layer in the laminar boundary?
No
67
Where is the turbulent boundary found?
Downstream of the laminar boundary
68
When laminar flow breaks down what does this result in?
Turbulent flow
69
Is the turbulent boundary thicker or thinner then the laminar boundary?
Thicker
70
What is total drag?
Induced drag + parasite drag
71
If speed increases what does parasitic drag do?
Increase
72
At lower speeds will the total drag be higher or lower?
Higher
73
What are the four forces acting on an a/c during flight?
Lift Thrust Weight Drag
74
What must be equal during horizontal flight in relation to the forces?
``` Lift = weight Thrust = drag ```
75
How do you work out the glide ratio?
Forwards velocity / downwards velocity
76
How do you work out the load factor?
Lift in turn / weight
77
What do flaps do?
Increase camber at the trailing edge to extend the alpha max
78
What are the 4 types of flaps?
Plain Slotted Split Fowler
79
What is a fowler flap?
Travels rearwards and downwards increasing the wing area as well as the camber. Can increase Cl by up to 90%
80
What is a plain flap?
Basic form of trailing edge flap. Abrupt change in camber can cause airflow to break away from wing
81
What is a split flap?
More efficient then a plain flap. Airflow is less likely to break away from wing.
82
What is a slotted flap?
Forms a slot as the flap is lowered. This re energises the airflow
83
What is positive static stability?
Object has a tendency to return to equilibrium
84
what is Negative static stability?
Objects continue to travel in displacement direction
85
What is neutral static stability?
Equilibrium encountered at any point of displacement
86
What is positive dynamic stability?
Damped oscillation, starts large and gets smaller
87
What is neutral dynamic stability?
Undamped oscillations, remains constant
88
What is negative dynamic stability?
Divergent oscillation, starts large gets larger
89
What are the 3 different axis an a/c uses?
Longitudinal Vertical Lateral
90
What are the 3 types of stability that act on an a/c?
Lateral Longitudinal Directional
91
What axis does roll happen around?
Lateral
92
What axis does pitch happen around?
Longitudinal
93
What axis does yaw happen around?
Vertical
94
What is another name for directional stability?
Weathercock
95
How do you increase directional stability?
Dorsal fin Keel surface Sweep back of wing
96
What is lateral stability determined by?
Wing Angle of attack Dihedral angle Sweep back angle

M8 Aerodynamics (1 decks)

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