Length of wing ---------------------- Width of wing

M8 New Flashcards by Richard Fry

What makes up air

21% Oxygen
78% Nitrogen
1% Other gasses

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Average height of the atmosphere

760km

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What are the 5 main regions of the atmosphere

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Metosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere

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What is the lowest of all of the atmospheres

Troposphere

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Which atmosphere contains the ozone layer

Stratosphere

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What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level

14.7psi

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What is used to measure air pressure on the ground

Barometer

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What is dynamic pressure measured in

Newtons per square meter

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What is static pressure measured in

Bar or Pascal

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ISA at sea level

1013.25hpa

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Temp at sea level

288.15k or 15 degrees c

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what is the density at sea level

1.225kg/m cubed

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Speed=

Time

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What is the point of stagnation

Static pressure = total pressure and there is no flow

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What is laminar flow

Smooth undisturbed flow

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What is relative airflow

Airflow with respect to the object flowing through it

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What is a disadvantage to laminar flow

Due to low kinetic energy it is easier for flow to separate

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What is the chord line

A straight line connecting the leading edge and the trailing edge

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What is the mean camber line

Equidistant between upper and lower surface

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What is the maximum camber line

Greatest distance of the mean camber line from the chord line as a %

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What is fineness ratio

Also known as thickness ratio

Maximum thickness or depth of a section expressed as a % of the chord from the leading edge to trailing edge

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What is aspect ratio

Width of wing

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What charictaristics do high aspect wing have

Long spans

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What is induced drag affected by

Aspect ratio
Wing tip design
Aircraft speed

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What is wash in

Angle of incidence is greater towards wing tips

What is wash out

Angle of incidence greater at the wing root

What is the Mean Aerodynamic Chord

The average chord length of a tapered or sweet wing

What is Angle of attack

Between the chord line of the profile and the relative wind

What is the angle of incidence

Between the chord line of the profile and longitudinal axis the aircraft denoted by Gamma

What is the centre of pressure (centre of lift)

The point on the chord line where total sum of pressure acts on a body

Where is the Centre of pressure at normal cruising speeds with slight positive angle of attack

25% back along the chord line

What angle is max angle on an aerofoil before flow separation occurs

15-18 degrees

Where would a rectangualr wing stall first

Root first

Where would a tapered wing stall first

tip

Hight down wash =

Low angle of attack

Low downwash =

High angle of attack

Which point on an elliptical wing would stall first

Entire wing stalls at the same time

What is the most common wing type on most modern commercial aircraft

swept

Which direction would the wings face is they have positive sweep

Backwards

Which direction would the wings face if they had negative sweep

Forwards

What is sweep angle

Angle between the line of 25% chords and a line perpendicular to the root

The more swept back the wing the more stable it is on which axis

Roll

What is the critical mach number

The speed at which shock waves begin to appear or where airflow reaches speed of sound ( Normally on top of the wing because the air travels faster)

What is the main disadvantage of swept wing

Poor lift to drag ratio

What is the main advantage of a swept wing

Only beneficial for aircraft flying close or above the speed of sound

What is dihedral angle

When the wing tip is higher or lower than the wing root

Dihedral angle increases what kind of stability

Roll

What is anhedral (Negative dihedral)

Wing tip lower than root

What type of aircraft would anhedral wings be used

Aircraft with high centre of gravity

What is Induced drag caused by

Lift

What are the different types of Parasite Drag

- Form - Friction - Interference

What is the main kind of compressible drag

Shock waves

What is Parasite/Form drag caused by

Pressure distribution on a body

How is Form drag reduced

'Streamlining' by adding a bullet shaped nose and fairings

What is the relationship between form drag and friction drag

A profile that has low form drag has high friction drag and vice versa

How can interference drag be reduced

Fairings

When does compressible drag occur

Only in the transonic and supersonic regions (caused by shock waves)

What is total drag

Induced drag + Parasite drag

What is Fineness ratio

(Or thickness ratio) Maximum thickness of the chord as a fraction

What are the 4 fundamental forces that effect normal flight

- Lift - Weight - Drag - Thrust

What is the equation of coefficient of lift

MEASURED LIFT ------------------------ THEORETICAL LIFT

What is the equation of coefficient of drag

MESURED DRAG ------------------------- THEORETICAL DRAG

What happens if AOA increases above Alpha max

Flow separation or stall occurs

What is the advantage of high max lift coefficient

Aircraft can fly slowly

What kind of aircraft would Deep stall/super stall occur

Mainly on T tail aircraft and is the result of the wing stalling and then upsetting the airflow over the tail

What kind of input would a wing root stall require to recover

None from the pilot, it should recover itself

What kind of input would a wing tip stall require

A control movement from the pilot

What is the most dangerous type of ice

clear ice

High aspect ratio makes what kind of glide ratio

Much better glide ratio

What is total drag

The sum of induced drag and parasite drag

In which way does centrifugal force act

Opposite to lift

What is the equation of Load factor

n=Lift in turn --------------- Weight

What is the aeroelastic limit also known as

Redline airspeed

What are structural limits also referred as

- Acceleration limits - Limit load factors

Ultimate structural limit is what % of the normal structural limit

150%

When would lift augmentation devices be used

At slower speeds

Plain flap increase by how much of lift

50-55%

Split flat increase in lift by how much

60-65%

Slotted flap increase in lift by how much

65-70%

Fowler flap increase in lift by how much

95%

What type of flap gives most lift

Fowler

Slot increase in lift by how much

increase max coefficient of lift by 40%

What are Vortex generators for

Boundary layer control

What are the main benefits of winglets

- Reduced fuel consumption - Increased Range -Improved performance - Lower emissions

Directional stability control done by

- Dorsal fin - Keel surface - Wing sweep

M8 New Flashcards

(85 cards)