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M8 R > M8.1 > Flashcards

M8.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the SI system based on?

A

The metric system

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2
Q

How are laws of physics defined?

A

By fundamental units and basic quantities

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3
Q

What is the unit of measurement for mass?

A

Kilograms (kg)

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4
Q

How is the mass of one kilogram defined?

A

By a piece of platinum alloy at the office of weights and measurements in Paris

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5
Q

What is the mass of 1 kilogram the same as?

A

The volume of one litre of pure water at 4 Celsius

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6
Q

What is the unit of measurement for length?

A

Metres (m)

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7
Q

How was the metre established?

A

By the french government in 1790

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8
Q

How is a metre more precisely defined?

A

A certain number of wavelengths or particular colour of light

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9
Q

What is the unit for time?

A

Seconds (s)

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10
Q

How are seconds defined?

A

A fraction of the unchangeable speed of light

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11
Q

What is the unit for temperature?

A

Kelvin (k)

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12
Q

What is zero kelvin also known as?

A

Absolute zero (because its the lowest temperature possible)

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13
Q

How does the Kelvin scale work?

A

Starts at zero and only goes up

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14
Q

What is 1 kelvin equal to?

A

1 Celsius

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15
Q

What are the four fundamental units?

A
  • mass
  • length
  • time
  • temperature
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16
Q

What are the six basic quantities?

A
  • speed
  • acceleration
  • power
  • pressure
  • force
  • work
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17
Q

What is speed?

A

The distance that a moving object covers in a unit of time

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18
Q

Where does the word speed come from?

A

The latin word velocitas because speed and velocity are the same

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19
Q

How is speed calculated?

A

Distance
————
Time

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20
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The change in speed by the time during which the change takes place

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21
Q

How is acceleration calculated?

A

Change in velocity
————————-
Time taken

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22
Q

How is acceleration measured?

A

Metres per seconds squared

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23
Q

True or false that an object under the act of gravity has uniform acceleration?

A

True

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24
Q

What is the average unit for gravity?

A

9.8 metres per second squared

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25
What does deca-newtons stand for?
10 newtons
26
How is weight calculated?
Mass x gravity
27
What is weight measured in?
Newtons
28
What is work?
When an object has moved over a distance
29
How is work calculated?
Force x distance
30
How is work measured?
Newton metres
31
What is power?
Work carried out in a time frame
32
How is power calculated?
Force x distance(Work) —————————— Time
33
How is power measured?
In watts
34
What is pressure?
The force acting on an area
35
What is pressure measured in?
Newtons per square metre (pascal)
36
What direction does static pressure act in?
Every direct
37
How is pressure calculated?
Force ——- Area
38
How is static pressure calculated?
Height x density x gravity
39
What direction does dynamic pressure act in?
Direction of flow
40
What is dynamic pressure also known as?
Q pressure
41
How is dynamic pressure calculated?
Half the density x speed squared
42
How is static pressure for aircraft systems denoted?
By bar
43
What is one bar equal to?
100,000 pascal
44
What are sound waves the same as?
Pressure waves
45
What letter is used to represent speed of sound?
a
46
What changes the speed of sound?
Temperature
47
When is the speed of sound lower?
At lower temperatures
48
What are Mach numbers used for?
To tell the pilot his relationship between the aircraft and the speed of sound
49
Why can a pilots mach number vary?
Because the speed of sound changes at different heights
50
How is mach number calculated?
Speed of aircraft ———————— Speed of sound
51
What happens in the subsonic region?
All speeds around the aircraft are bellow critical mach number
52
What happens in the transonic region?
Some speeds are above and some speeds are below the speed of sound
53
What happens in the supersonic region?
All speeds around the aircraft are higher than the speed of sound
54
What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere?
Troposphere
55
What is found in the troposphere?
Weather conditions
56
What is the highest layer of the atmosphere?
The stratosphere
57
What can’t be found in the stratosphere?
Weather conditions
58
What happens to temperature in the stratosphere?
It doesn’t change with altitude
59
What is the name for the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere?
Tropopause
60
What is the height of the tropopause at the north and South Pole?
8 kilometres
61
What is the height of the tropopause at the equator?
16 kilometres
62
Who introduced a international standard atmosphere (ISA)?
ICAO
63
What does ICAO stand for?
International civil aviation organisation
64
Why is a standard atmosphere needed?
So there is a basis for comparing aircraft performance
65
What is the standard height and temperature at the tropopause?
11 kilometres at -56.5 Celsius
66
What happens to density and pressure with higher altitudes?
It gradually decreases
67
Where can you find international standard atmosphere tables?
In the appendices of technical documentation
68
What does the temperature drop by every kilometre you go up?
-6.5
69
What is the formula to calculate the speed of sound?
20 √T
70
What is the symbol for Mach number?
M
71
How much does the temperature decrease with altitude under standard conditions?
6.5c

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