MA test 3 Flashcards
(174 cards)
1
Q
Pharmacology
A
The study of medication
2
Q
Pharmacokinetics
A
the study of how the medications move within the body
3
Q
What does pharmacokinetics involve?
A
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
4
Q
What are the 6 Rights of Medication Administration
A
Right Patient
Right Medication
Right Dose
Right Route
Right time
Right Documentation
5
Q
Contraindications
A
cautions used when taking certain drugs
6
Q
How often is a new PDR available?
A
each year
7
Q
What does the Physicians Desk Reference include?
A
- current detailed information about 1,000s medications
- lists contraindications
- product identification guide
8
Q
Schedule I Medications
- def
- example
A
substances that have the highest abuse rate
- heroin, LSD
9
Q
Schedule II Medications
- def
- example
A
can lead to psychological and physical dependence
- morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone
10
Q
Schedule III Medications
- def
- example
- # refills in # months
A
have a moderate to low dependency
- steroids, testosterone
- 5 refills in 6 months
11
Q
Schedule IV medications
- def
- example
- # refills in # months
A
low potential for abuse and dependence
- diazepam, clonazepam
- 5 refills in 6 months
12
Q
Schedule V medications
- def
- example
A
contains limited quantities of some narcotics.
- antitussives, analgesics, and antidiarrheals
13
Q
Analgesics
- def
- example
A
relieve pain
- acetaminophen, hydrocodone
14
Q
Antacids
- def
- example
A
neutralize stomach acids
- Pepcid, Maalox
15
Q
Anticoagulants
- def
- example
A
delay blood clotting
- Heparin, coumadin
16
Q
Antiemetics
A
reduce nausea and vomiting
17
Q
Emetics
A
induce vomiting
18
Q
Antipyretics
- def
- example
A
reduce fever
- Acetaminophen (APAP)
- aspirin (ASA)
19
Q
Diuretics
- def
- example
A
eliminate fluid
- Lasix
20
Q
Antihistamines
- def
- example
A
relieves allergies
- Zyrtec
- Loratadine
21
Q
Antibiotics
- def
- example
A
kill bacteria
- Penicillin (PCN)
- amoxicillin
22
Q
Decongestant
- def
- example
A
relieve nasal congestion
- Sudafed and Mucinex
23
Q
Antihypertensive
- def
- example
A
reduces blood pressure
- lisinopril
24
Q
Adverse Reaction
A
an undesired reaction caused by medication
25
Anaphylaxis
severe allergic reaction could lead to death
26
Hypersensitivity
when the use of a medication is not recommended due to a prior condition
27
What is the most common contraindication?
hypersensitivity
28
ID
intradermal
29
IM
intramuscular
30
Inj
injection
31
IV
intravenously
32
PO
stands for and definition
per os
by mouth
33
PR
per rectum
34
Parenteral
a medication digested outside the digestive tract
35
oral
mouth
36
buccal
between the cheek and gums
37
inhalation
albuterol, asthmatic memdications
38
Topical
local absorption into the skin
39
Mucosal
- definition
- example
absorbs into the mucous membranes
- eye medication
40
Transdermal
absorbed through the skin using a patch
41
before meals
AC
42
3 times a day
TID
43
every morning
Q. am
44
after meals
PC
45
twice a day
BID
46
Adlib
as desired
47
4 times a day
QID
48
night
Noct
49
as needed
PRN
50
every # hours
q#h
51
1 mL to __ drops
1 mL to 15 drops
52
1 teaspoon to __ mL
1 teaspoon to 5 mL
53
1 tablespoon to __ mL
1 tablespoon to 15 mL
54
1 cup to __ mL
1 cup to 240 mL
55
1 tablespoon to __ teaspoon
1 tablespoon to 3 teaspoons.
56
gt/gtt
drop/drops
57
What are intradermal injections used for?
used for TB and allergy testing
58
Location of TB testing
left lower forearm
59
location of allergy testing.
upper back
60
What angle is TB needle inserted at? how much medication is given
10-15 degree angle
0.1 mL
61
TB testing is also known as
PPD- purified Protein Derivative
62
What syringe does TB use?
Tuberculin
63
What is the time range the TB test is read within?
48-72 hours.
64
What is the universal TB testing arm.
Left Armm
65
What is not allowed after TB test?
no band-aid, no scratching, no rubbing, and no massaging
66
Where is the TB medication placed where in the skin
under the epidermis and into the dermis
67
what happens after TB medication is injected?
a wheel is formed
68
What determines if the TB test is positive or negative
duration of the wheel.
69
What duration of a wheel needs to be investigated? how is it measured?
3-5 mm
measured with a disposable ruler
70
What test confirms TB after positive wheel?
a chest x-ray
71
What does it mean if a wheel is present 48-72 hours after injection?
possibly positive TB test.
72
What is the measurement form for tuberculin needle?
mL
73
What is the measurement form for insulin needle?
units
74
Which two injections have their own needle?
insulin and TB
75
Where in the skin are subcutaneous injections placed?
into the fatty tissue under the dermis
76
What angle is used for subcutaneous injections?
45 degree angle
77
Which muscle is most often used for subcutaneous injections?
deltoid muscle
78
How to locate deltoid muscle for subcutaneous injections?
Make a "V" with a hand over the deltoid muscle and finger tips should touch the acromion process
79
What are the locations used for subcutaneous injections?
deltoid muscle, abdomen, and vastus lateralis.
80
What subcutaneous injection is give in the abdomen?
anticoagulants
81
Safe space for abdomen subcutaneous injections?
3-4 inches away from umbilicus area
82
Safe space for vastus lateralis subcutaneous injections.
the middle 3rd thigh
83
What should you avoid doing when administering insulin or anticoagulants?
do not massage or aspirate
84
what should you do after injecting medications other than insulin or anticoagulant.
massage area with a cotton ball to distribute
85
How should insulin be stored and what should be done before it is given
refrigerated but brought down to room temperature before administering.
86
How do you bring a medication down to room temperature? What should you not do?
roll vial in hands
DONT SHAKE
87
How long should patient remain in office after injection?
10-15 minutes
88
convert pounds to kg.
divide pounds by 2.2
89
convert kg to pounds
multiply kg by 2.2
90
What is Depoprovera?
What angle is it given at?
What should always done before giving the injection?
- a birth control injection
- placed at a 90 degree angle
- do urine pregnancy and confirm LMP before injection
91
Where are IM injections placed? what angle are they placed at?
placed in muscle
- at a 90 degree angle
92
What is the Z-track method?
prevents leakage of medication into the cutaneous tissue
93
How to locate ventrogluteal muscle injection site?
1. locate the greater trochanter of the femur with the heel of your hand
2. spread your index and middle fingers from the anterior superior iliac spine to as far along the iliac crest
94
How to locate the dorsogluteal muscle injection site?
1. ask pt to stand up and lean over exam table
2. take weight off the leg of the side of the injection
3. have pt lift the heel and rest on the ball of the foot
95
Which locations may be used for IM injections?
ventrogluteal muscle
dorsogluteal muscle
deltoid muscle.
96
Gauge
- definition
- range
the diameter of the lumen of the needle
- 14-31
97
the lower the gauge the ___ the lumen
the lower gauge = wider lumen
98
Length
- range
3/8-4 inches
99
What is the gauge used determined by?
consistency of medication
100
What is the length used determined by?
site of patient's arm.
101
ID injection
- gauge
- length
- 27-28 gauge
- 3/8 inch
102
Subcutaneous injection
- gauge
- length
- 25-26 gauge
- 1/2-5/8 inch
103
IM injection
- gauge
- length
- 20-23 gauge
- 1-3 inches
104
What length are IM injections normally?
1-1 1/2 inches
105
Pros for Electronic Prescription
1. human error is reduced
2. medications can be sent rapidly
3. reduces chance of prescription pads being stolen
106
Con for Electronic Prescriptions
potential for network problems
107
When can prescriptions be faxed or phoned in and what must it be followed by?
- can be faxed/phoned in if there are no refills
- must be followed by a hard copy to pharmacist
108
4 Parts of a Prescription
1. Superscription
2. Inscription
3. Subscription
4. Sig
109
Superscription includes
the date, pt's full name, and address, and the Rx symbol.
110
Inscription includes
name of the drug, and amount of drug per dose.
111
Subscription includes
- considered directions from ***
the amount of each dose and total amount to be dispensed
- directions from MD to pharmacist
112
Sig
- directions from ***
directions from pharmacist to patient.
113
Rx stands for
take thou
114
D.A.W
dispense as written
115
generic vs brand name difference
the coating
116
enteric coating
placed on the outside of the pill and causes slower release
117
Scored pill
only pill that should be broken in half
- assures equal distribution of medication throughout the pill
118
Order to write medications
1. name
2. strength
3. route
4. frequency
119
Antibiotics contraindications
- what is recommended to be used
reduce the effect of birth control
- use a 2nd form of birth control.
120
What juice interacts with many medicatiions?
grapefruit juice
121
What 4 medications in large quantities can be toxic to life?
1. APAP
2. lisinopril
3. erythromycin
4. PCN
122
How often should a patient be seen to get a new prescription of Schedule II medications.
every 30 days
123
Rules about Schedule II prescription
1. must have a handwritten prescription
2. No refills
3. prescription should be locked up
124
if Schedule 2 prescription is lost, wha is needed before a new prescription?
a police report
125
Open Wound:
involves a break i the skin or mucous membrane.
126
Closed wound
involves injury to underlying tissues without a break
127
Puncture wound
pierced hole in the skin
128
Jagged wound
caused by a knife or stabbing
129
Straight-Edge Wound
caused purposely by an incision
130
What are the stages of wound healing?
- inflammatory stage
- Granulation phase
- Maturation phases
131
Inflammatory stage of healing
- lasts up to?
a clot or plug occurs over the opening of the wound to stop the blood flow.
lasts 3-4 days.
132
Granulation phase of healing
growth of new capillaries occur and begin wound healing
133
Maturation phase of healing
- can last up to?
scar tissue forms until the skin is totally healed
- can last up to 2 years.
134
What is the wound assessed for?
warmth, color, size, odor, and discharge
135
What color should a wound be?
what does a bluish or white wound indicate?
slightly red in color
- may indicate a sign of poor circulation
136
How to assess warmth and tenderness of a wound
with gloves, use the back of your hand to go over the edge of the wound and ask patient to tell you if the wound is tender AND assess for warmth
137
What does it mean if a wound is warm and tender?
sign of infection
138
How do you measure the size/width of a wound?
when is it necessary to do so?
use a disposable ruler to measure the width and length of wound
- done for ulcers to measure growth.
139
What is foul odor of a wound a sign of?
infection
140
When should you assess a wound?
prior to taking out stitches or reapplying dressing
141
Type of sutures
absorbable sutures
nonabsorbable sutures
142
Absorbable sutures
dissolve over time and don't have to be removed
143
Nonabsorbable sutures
(5 types)
require removal
1. silk
2. nylon
3. polyester
4. steel
5. plastic
144
2 reasons that staples are used
1. to close an area where the body bends
2. to close an area that is larger
145
Adhesive skin closures
- use
- lower what?
eliminate the need for sutures and local anesthetics
- lower the risk of wound infection.
146
Fenestrated Drape
has an opening in the middle
147
What does every sterile drape have that is considered non-sterile
a 1-3 inch border used for picking it up.
148
What temperature should the autoclave be set to?
250-270 F
149
Plane that divides the body into front and back halves?
frontal
150
Which needle is fine enough to pierce the skin?
hypodermic needle
151
Normal BG for NF patient
74-120
152
Transmission Based Precautions?
contact, droplet, airborne
153
Most common cleaner in a medical setting
bleach 1:10 ratio to water
154
Main part of the body that metabolizes a drug
liver
155
Prescribing vs Dispensing Medicatiion
prescribing: requires a handwritten or computer generated that is filled at pharmacy
dispensing: given to pt at office to take home.
156
If 1st TB test is negative but 2nd is positive what could this indicate?
pt was previously infected with TB
157
TYpes of prescription
written, verbal, standing order, stock order.
158
Example of a 3rd party payer?
Medicare
159
Abbreviation for Alzheimer's
AD
160
A rectal temperature is not taking from which type of patient
pt with heart disease.
161
How much medication can be given vis IM
4 ml
162
What are the 3 different types of appointment reminders?
1. appointment card
2. call pt 1-2 hrs before
3. send email or computer generated letter.
163
intradermal: needle gauge and length
gauge: 27-28
length: 3/8 inch
164
subcutaneous: gauge and length
gauge: 25-26
length: 1/2-5/6
165
intramuscular: gauge and length
gauge: 20-23
length: 1-3 inches
166
what are signs of infection?
- redness or swelling at site
- warmth
- drainage (not clear)
- foul odor
- fever
- malaise
- red streaks
167
CPR: how many chest compressions per minute?
100-120 bpm
168
cryosurgery supplies
canister with liquid nitrogen
169
toenail removal supplies
sterile scissors, forceps, hemostat, anesthetic, bandage materialsm
170
mole/cyst removal
local anesthetic, scalpel, suture supplies.
171
What are the functions of EMR?
- appointments
- prescription services
- billing procedures
- insurance services
-labs
- patient portal
172
what temperature water should be used for ear irrigation
room temp
173
what can happen if cold water is used for ear irrigation
dizziness.
174
onych
nail, claw
