Mac 1: Post

Question 1

All residents of a far flung municipality in Palawan was treated for Filariasis a tissue nematode which seemingly increasing in prevalent cases.
What type of treatment method was shown?

Selective
Preventive Chemotherapy
Universal
Targeted

Answer 1

-Universal

Question 2

What type of transmission is shown when parasite crosses the placental barrier during pregnancy?

Vertical Transmission
Transmission
Direct Transmission
Transmission

Answer 2

-Vertical Transmission

Question 3

Parasitic amoeba maybe carried by houseflies in their legs and may contaminate food which may cause transmission.
In this example, what type of relationship is exhibited ?

Commensalism
Phoresis
Parasitism
Mutualism

Answer 3

-Phoresis

Question 4

A parasitic nematode needs to develop inside its host intestine to mature sexually, yet sometimes adult nematodes which can naturally be found in the intestinal tract can enter the common bile duct or in the appendix.
What classification/s of Endoparasite is/are being described?

Incidental Parasite
Obligate and Accidental
Obligate Parasite
Facultative and Accidental
Obligate and Aberrant

Answer 4

-Obligate and Accidental

Question 5

What WBC usually increases when parasites invade host tissues?

Monocyte
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte

Answer 5

-Eosinophil

Question 6

Trichomoniasis is a parasitic infection usually transmitted through sexual intercourse.
What type of transmission is shown here?

Vertical Transmission
Transmission
Direct Transmission
Transmission

Answer 6

-Direct Transmission

Question 7

What type of symbiotic relationship is shown, when one species benefits and harms the other?

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Phoresis

Answer 7

-Parasitism

Question 8

What type of host where it harbors the asexual stage of the parasite and there is no maturation to adult?

Reservoir Host
Definitive Host
Paratenic Host
Intermediate Host

Answer 8

-Intermediate Host

Question 9

Trypanosoma spp. are blood flagellates which is very difficult to create specific antibodies since these parasites are able to change their antigenic profile which gives the immune system difficulty to produce humoral response.
What type of parasite evasion is being described?

Immune Suppression
Antigenic Variation
Resistance to Immune Response
Intracellular Sequestration

Answer 9

-Antigenic Variation

Question 10

School aged children in a certain municipality was subjected for deworming due to prevalent cases of Ascariasis.
What type of treatment method was described?

Selective
Preventive Chemotherapy
Universal
Targeted

Answer 10

-Targeted

Question 11

In what instance an Endoparasite is to be considered as Coelozoic parasite?

When the parasite inhabits the nervous system
When the parasite inhabits the muscular system
When the parasite inhabits the lumen of hollow organs
When the parasite inhabits the dermis of the skin

Answer 11

-When the parasite inhabits the lumen of hollow organs

Question 12

What is the common source of infection?

Animals
Contaminated soil and water
Food
Vector

Answer 12

-Contaminated soil and water

Question 13

Nematodes like Hookworms tends to cause chronic blood loss and eventual leads to Iron deficiency anemia.
What classic effect of parasite to the host, is shown?

Nutrient Deprivation
Immune Suppression
Invasion and Destruction
Parasitic Enzymes

Answer 13

-Nutrient Deprivation

Question 14

What type of vector is described when it only transports the parasite?

Phoretic Vector
True Vector
Biological Vector
Essential Vector

Answer 14

-Phoretic Vector

Question 15

Which of the following is not a primary defense of the host against parasites?

The Skin and Mucous Membrane
Saliva and Breast milk with IgA
Neutrophils and Monocytes
Peristalsis, and Urination

Answer 15

-Neutrophils and Monocytes

Question 16

What do we call a host that harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms?

Reservoir Host
Carrier
Pathogenic Host
Definitive Host

Answer 16

-Carrier

Question 17

Infestation is the term used when there is invasion and parasitism of what type of parasite?

Endoparasite
Free-Living
Erratic
Ectoparasite

Answer 17

-Ectoparasite

Question 18

When parasites considered are protozoans, What specific field of Medical Parasitology is involved?

Medical Protozoology
Diagnostic Helminthology
Medical Helminthology
Diagnostic Protozoology

Answer 18

-Medical Protozoology

Question 19

When a parasitic disease permanently reduces to zero incidence worldwide this is epidemiological called as?

Elimination
Reduction
Eradication

Answer 19

-Eradication

Question 20

What is determined in Egg reduction rate?

Percentage of individuals in a population infected and cured.
Percentage of positively known subjects to be egg negative.
Percentage found in egg comes after deworming.
Difference of stool count before and after deworming.

Answer 20

-Percentage fall in egg counts after deworming

Question 21

What type of life cycle requires only a single host to complete its development?

Indirect Life Cycle
Single Host Life Cycle
Direct Life Cycle
Multiple Host Life Cycle

Answer 21

-Direct Life Cycle

Question 22

What stage in a parasite’s life cycle is responsible of infecting its host?

Detectable Stage
Infective Stage
Evidence Stage
Diagnostic Stage

Answer 22

-Infective Stage

Question 23

What stage in a parasite’s life cycle is usually detected microscopically or macroscopically which determine if the host has the parasite?

Detectable Stage
Infective Stage
Evidence Stage
Diagnostic Stage

Answer 23

-Diagnostic stage

Question 24

What host classification when it harbors the parasite and becomes the potential source of transmission to humans?

Reservoir Host
Carrier
Pathogenic Host
Definitive Host

Answer 24

-Reservoir Host

Question 25

What is being described when an infected individual itself becomes his/her own direct source of infection? Autoinfection Hyperinfection Reinfection Superinfection

Answer 25

-Autoinfection

Question 26

What do we call the period between infection and acquisition of the parasite and evidence of infection? Incubation Period Clinical Incubation Period Biologic Incubation Period Patent Period

Answer 26

-Biologic Incubation Period

Question 27

G. lamblia is capable of acquiring antigenic molecules similar to the host, which of the following parasitic evasion mechanism is shown? Resistance to immune response Immune Suppression Antigenic Variation Host Mimicry

Answer 27

-Host Mimicry

Question 28

What do we call the process of inoculating of the infectious agent in the the host? Exposure Carrier Pathogen Infection

Answer 28

-Exposure

Question 29

What parameter is determined when the effect of drug against an infective agent in a particular host? Effectiveness Efficacy Coverage Drug Resistance

Answer 29

-Effectiveness

Question 30

When an endoparasite, is in its free living form and passes only through the digestive tract without infecting its host is classified as? Temporary Parasite Incidental Parasite Spurious Parasite Aberrant Parasite

Answer 30

-Spurious Parasite

Question 31

CD4 Lymphocytes and Plasma cells are cells involve in what immune response? Both Innate and Immune Response Acquired Immune-Cell Mediated Innate Immune Response Acquired Immune-Antibody Mediated

Answer 31

-Acquired Immune-Antibody Mediated

Question 32

Balantidium coli is a ciliate protozoan commonly infecting pigs, yet due to unsanitary practices it is also known to infect humans. Humans can be classified as what type of host? Accidental Host Definitive Host Paratenic Host Intermediate Host

Answer 32

-Accidental Host

Question 33

How do we classify when a parasite can be both in a free-living state but can also become parasitic when it needs to? Spurious Parasite Facultative Parasite Accidental Parasite Obligate Parasite

Answer 33

-Facultative Parasite

Question 34

Patient with Sickle cell anemia was known to have resistance with Plasmodium falciparum infection due to the sickle shaped RBCs which inhibits parasite entry. Which of the following factor is responsible to this outcome? Genetic Makeup Immune Processes Nutritional Status Parasite Infectivity

Answer 34

-Genetic Makeup

Question 35

It is an arbitrary act of two different organisms living in close association with each other which may show disadvantage or advantage to either or both species? ``` Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Symbiosis Phoresis ```

Answer 35

-Symbiosis

Question 36

What characteristics of parasites is exhibited when it only infects a limited range of host species. Hyperparasitism Parasitic Trophicity Host Specificity Parasitic Attraction

Answer 36

-Host Specificity

Question 37

Which of the following is not part of Environmental Sanitation? Planning or organizing activities to limit vector or intermediate hosts propagation. Provision of safe drinking water. Safe disposal and hygienic management of human and animal excreta . Safe and healthy working conditions.

Answer 37

-Planning or organizing activities to limit vector or intermediate hosts propagation.

Question 38

Trichomaniasis is a disease cause by a tissue nematodes invading straited muscles of its mammalian host What example of effect of parasite to host is shown? Nutrient Deprivation Immune Suppression Invasion and Destruction Parasitic Enzymes

Answer 38

-Invasion and Destruction

Question 39

What is referred to the epidemiologic measure of burden of infection related to the number of worms per infected person? ``` Cumulative Prevalence Cure Rate Worm Burden Prevalence Rate Egg reduction Rate ```

Answer 39

-Worm Burden

Question 40

Fill in the Blanks | What do we call when the parasite establishes itself outside the host?

Answer 40

-Infestation