Macroanatomy

Question 1

What are the 4 Cortical Lobes?

Answer 1

Frontal, Occipital, Parietal, and Temporal.

Question 2

Frontal Lobe

Answer 2

Executive function, decision making, planning, impulse control, etc.

Question 3

Occipital Lobe

Answer 3

Vision.

Question 4

Parietal Lobe

Answer 4

Tactile function, sensory and motor information processing.

Question 5

Temporal Lobe

Answer 5

Auditory, visual, gustatory, emotion, and memory.

Question 6

What are the dorsal and ventral views?

Answer 6

Cerebrum and Cerebellum.

Question 7

Cerebrum

Answer 7

Forebrain structure.

Two identical hemispheres.

Responsible for most conscious behaviour.

Question 8

Cerebellum (Hindbrain)

Answer 8

Control and coordination of fine motor skills.

Does not initiate movements, but coordinates the timing, precision and accuracy of movements.

Question 9

Brain Stem (Lateral and Medial view)

Answer 9

This is responsible for unconscious behaviours.

Structurally continuous with the spinal cord.

Receives afferent nerves from all of the body’s senses and sends efferent nerves to the spinal cord.

Question 10

Gyri

Answer 10

Bumps and ridges of the cerebral cortex.

Question 11

Sulci

Answer 11

Cracks and valleys of the cerebral cortex.

Fissures are deep sulci.

Question 12

Grey Matter (Coronal Section)

Answer 12

Largely composed of cell bodies and capillary blood vessels.

Process information and supports behaviour.

Question 13

White Matter (Coronal Section)

Answer 13

Nerve fibers with fatty coverings.

Form connections between cells.

Question 14

Ventricles (Coronal Section)

Answer 14

4 cavities filled with Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) - derived from blood plasma, NaCl & other salts, serves as a cushion and immunological support for the brain.

Cells that line the walls of the ventricles called Ependymal Cells produce CSF.

Question 15

Corpus Callosum (Sagital Section)

Answer 15

Over 200 million nerve fibers that connect the 2 brain hemispheres.

Divides the brain into corticol and subcortical regions.

Question 16

The Brain Stem is divided what 3 regions?

Answer 16

Hindbrain, Midbrain, and Diencephalon.

Question 17

What makes up the Hindbrain?

Answer 17

Cerebellum, Reticular Formation, Pons, and Medulla

Question 18

Reticular Formation (Hindbrain)

Answer 18

Located at the core of the brainstem.

Netlike mixture of gray and white matter.

Question 19

Pons (Hindbrain)

Answer 19

Connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain.

Question 20

Medulla (Hindbrain)

Answer 20

Controls breathing and cardiovascular system.

Question 21

Tectum (Midbrain)

Answer 21

Receives sensory information from the eyes and ears.

Allows production of oriented movements.

Question 22

Tegmentum (Midbrain)

Answer 22

Red Nuclei - Limbs

Substantia Nigra - Initiates movements

Periaqueductal Gray Matter - Sexual behaviour and pain

Question 23

Hypothalamus (Diencephalon)

Answer 23

Controls hormone production.

Influences feeding, sexual behaviour, sleeping, thermoregulation, emotions, hormone function, movements and more…

Question 24

Thalamus (Diencephalon)

Answer 24

Relay station for sensory information travelling to the cortex.

All sensory systems send input to the thalamus.

Question 25

Basal Ganglia (Forebrain)

Answer 25

Collection of nuclei: Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Pallidus Controls certain aspects of voluntary movements.

Question 26

What makes up the Limbic System?

Answer 26

Hippocampus, Amygdala, Limbic Cortex.

Question 27

Hippocampus (Limbic System)

Answer 27

Memory storage, particularly spatial memories. Neurogenesis

Question 28

Amygdala (Limbic System)

Answer 28

Negative affect Fear acquisition Memory enhancement and activation

Question 29

Limbic Cortex (Limbic System)

Answer 29

Helps certain aspects of memory formation and recollection.

Question 30

Olfactory Bulbs (Olfactory System)

Answer 30

Permits the sense of smell. Forebrain structure. Sends sensory information directly to pyriform cortex for processing. Relatively small in humans compared to other animals.