Macromelocules Quiz Flashcards
Macromelocules
Means “giant molecules”- made from repeating units of smaller molecules
Organic molecules
all molecules are organic molecules. Organic molecules: chemicals that contain carbon
How organic molecules are formed
They are small individual sub-units (monomers) join together to form large molecules (polymers)
Carbohydrates
compounds that are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
What do carbohydrates do
they provide a source of energy for living things and provide structural support
Types of carbohydrates
- monosaccharides (simple sugars) (monomer for carbohydrates) (one sugar)
- disaccharides (2 sugars)
- polysaccharides (many sugars)
Examples of carbs
- glucose (mono)
- fructose (mono)
- galactose (mono)
Lipids (fats)
- compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms
- store energy for cells and are important components of cell membranes
examples of lipids
fats, oils, waxes and steroids
Saturated fats
butter, fat in meat, (solid at room temperature)
Unsaturated fats
olive oil, cooking oil (liquids at room temperature)
Proteins
compounds that contain nitrogen along with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are proteins made up of?
-amino acids (monomers
What do proteins do?
-control the rate of chemical reactions
Enzymes
proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction
Nucleic Acids
compounds that contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
What are nucleic acids made of?
made up of nucleotides (monomers of nucleic acids)
What do nucleic acids do?
store and transmit genetic information
Main nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
DNA
- master copy of an organism’s genetic code
- contains instructions used to form an organism’s enzymes and structural proteins (determines how you look and how your body works
RNA
uses the information stored in DNA to make the proteins
Examples of Monosaccharides
Glucose and Fructose
examples of disaccharides
sucrose and lactose
examples of plysaccharides
glycogen and cellulose
