Macromolecules Flashcards
what are the 4 macromolecules?
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
explain primary structure
sequence of amino acids that makes up proteins to form a poly peptide chain.
changing the identity of one amino acid can cause an impact in structure and function
explain secondary structure
folding begins, 2 types of folding; alpha helix and beta- pleated sheets. to know which one to use depends on hydrogen bonds.
explain tertiary structure and give one ex of a possible interaction
more folding; 3D shape. interactions between 2 side chain and backbone, the amino acids can be defined by the side chain (R group).
type of interaction: hydrogen bond, van der waals interaction…
quaternary structure
overall structure; proteins consisting more than one polypeptide chain
what are the 6 functions of proteins and how do they relate to protein’s structure?
- catalyst - enzymes; maintains active site
- Defense - antibodies identifies invading cells, molecules…
- movement -
- signalling -
- structure -
- transport -
what are the differences between DNA and RNA and how are they both distinguished?
OH = ribose in RNA
H = deoxy. in DNA
DNA:
- A and T
- Double stranded
- long
- transcription
RNA:
- A and U
- short
- translation
- mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
whats polymerization (dna rna)
nuceotides are joined together by condensation reaction. results in a phosphodiester linkage
does DNA come before RNA?
No
what are carbs used for?
provide energy
storing energy
building structure
sell signalling
creates glucose
is a glucose above or below?
a glucose is below, b is above
which glycosidic is easier to break? which one is harder and why
a is easier to break, b is harder
3 main types of lipids?
fats and oil
steroids
phospholipids
