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Biology 100 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What are Monomers?

A

Small building blocks or trains that can be strung together

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2
Q

What are Polymers?

A

Chains of monomers that are connected

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3
Q

True or False? Monomers are made up of Polymers.

A

False

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4
Q

What is the process by which monomers are linked to become polymers?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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5
Q

What occurs during Dehydration Synthesis?

A

A water molecule is removed

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6
Q

What is the process by which polymers are broken down into monomers?

A

Hydrolysis

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7
Q

What occurs during Hydrolysis?

A

A water molecule is added

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8
Q

What are the 4 Macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins

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9
Q

What are Monosaccharides?

A

The monomer of carbohydrates, compound is CH2O

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10
Q

What are Disaccharides?

A

Complex sugars (carbohydrates), made of 2 monomers

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11
Q

What are Polysaccharides?

A

Starches, glycogen, and cellulose, made of huge polymers of Monosaccharides

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12
Q

What is the monomer for carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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13
Q

What is the polymer for carbohydrates?

A

Polysaccharides

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14
Q

What are examples of monomers for carbohydrates?

A

Glucose and Fructose

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15
Q

Glucose and Fructose are monomers or polymers for which macromolecule?

A

Monomers of Carbohydrates

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16
Q

What are examples of polymers for carbohydrates?

A

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

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17
Q

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are monomers or polymers for which macromolecule?

A

Polymers of Carbohydrates

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18
Q

What is the main role of Monosaccharides?

A

Give immediate energy, break down sugar

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19
Q

Carbohydrates are formed from…

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

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20
Q

What is the main role of Lipids?

A

To insulate the body and store energy

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21
Q

True or False? Lipids do not have a specific monomer or polymer.

A

True

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22
Q

What are examples of Lipids?

A

Fats, Oils, Cholesterol, Waxes

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23
Q

Fats, Oils, Cholesterol and Waxes are examples of which Macromolecule?

A

Lipids

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24
Q

Are Lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilci?

A

Hydrophobic

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25
Lipids are formed from...
Hydrocarbons (CHO)
26
Triglycerides have ___ head(s) and ___ tail(s)
1, 3
27
What is the head of a Lipid?
Glycerol
28
What is the tail of a Lipid?
Fatty acid
29
What type of fatty acid only has single carbon bonds?
Saturated fats
30
What type of fatty acid has double carbon bonds?
Unsaturated fats
31
True or False? Saturated fats have double carbon bonds.
False
32
Saturated fats are ____ at room temperature
Solid
33
Unsaturated fats are ____ at room temperature
Liquid
34
Which type of fat has the maximum amount of hydrogens?
Saturated fats
35
Which type of fat has less than the maximum amount of hydrogens?
Unsaturated fats
36
Which type of fat is created by changing the double carbon bonds?
Trans fats
37
What does HDL stand for?
High Density Lipoprotein
38
What does LDL stand for?
Low Density Lipoprotein
39
Which of these has "better" cholesterol: HDL or LDL?
HDL
40
The glycerol head of Phospholipids is _____ (hydrophilic / hydrophobic)
Hydrophobic
41
The fatty acid tail of Phospholipids is _____ (hydrophilic / hydrophobic)
Hydrophilic
42
What does the 'Phospho' in 'Phospholipid' indicate?
That it is a part of the phosphate group
43
Lipids are an important part of what cell component?
The cell membrane
44
Steroids are a member of which macromolecule group?
Lipids
45
Sterols are a part of which macromolecule group?
Lipids
46
What affects the rigidity of the cell membrane?
Cholesterol
47
What is the monomer of Protein?
Amino Acid
48
What is the polymer of Protein?
Protein / Peptide
49
Amino Acid is the monomer or polymer of which macromolecule?
Monomer of Protein
49
Enzymes are a member of which macromolecule group?
Protein
49
Peptide is the monomer or polymer of which macromolecule?
Polymer of Protein
49
What is the main function of enzymes?
To speed up chemical reactions
49
Proteins are formed from...
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)
49
What is the main function of Proteins?
To provide structure, along with many vital uses within the body
50
What is the secondary structure for Proteins?
Alpha helix or beta sheet
50
What is the tertiary structure for Proteins?
Interactions in R group
50
What is the primary structure for Proteins?
Amino Acids
51
What is the quadiary structure for Proteins?
Fully functional
51
What is the monomer of Nucleic Acids?
Nucleotide
52
What is the polymer of Nucleic Acids?
Nucleic Acid
53
What is a Nucleotide made up of?
A sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
54
What are examples of polymers for Nucleic Acid?
RNA and DNA
55
What is the purpose of RNA and DNA?
Genetic coding, gives instructions
56
What functional group do Carbohydrates fall under?
Hydroxyl
57
What macromolecule provides the body with hormones?
Protein
58
What functional group do Lipids fall under?
Hydrocarbons
59
What are the 3 components of Proteins / Amino Acids?
R group, Carboxyl, Amino

Biology 100 (9 decks)

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