Macromolecules

Question 1

Macromolecules are large_________ molecules

Answer 1

organic

Question 2

Macromolecules are also called

Answer 2

polymers

Question 3

Macromolecules are made up of smaller “building blocks” called

Answer 3

monomers

Question 4

Biological Molecules are:

Answer 4

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acid
Proteins

Question 5

Cells connect monomers to make macromolecules by a process called condensation or

Answer 5

Dehydration synthesis (removing a molecule of water)

Question 6

Cells break down macromolecules into monomers by a process called

Answer 6

Hydrolysis (adding a molecule of water)

Question 7

__________, this can range in size from small sugar molecules to large strands of sugar molecules bonded together

Answer 7

Carbohydrates

Question 8

A solution or indicator that turns green, yellow, orange, or red when heated

Answer 8

Benedict’s solution

Question 9

Elements Used to Form Carbohydrates

Answer 9

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 10

called simple sugars

Answer 10

Monosaccharide

Question 11

3 sugar structural isomers

Answer 11

glucose
galactose
fructose

Question 12

sugar found in sports drinks

Answer 12

glucose

Question 13

sugar called “milk sugar”

Answer 13

galactose

Question 14

sugar found in fruits

Answer 14

fructose

Question 15

In aqueous solutions, Monosaccharide forms_______ to be stable

Answer 15

ring structures

Question 16

Made of two sugar molecules joined together

Answer 16

Disaccharide

Question 17

Polysaccharide also called as

Answer 17

complex carbohydrates

Question 18

________ of monosaccharide chains

Answer 18

polymers

Question 19

3 types of polysaccharides

Answer 19

starch
glycogen
cellulose
chitin

Question 20

when detected in an iodine indicator that turns dark blue or black

Answer 20

Starch

Question 21

animals store excess sugar in form of

Answer 21

glycogen

Question 22

most abundant organic compound on Earth
the structural component of plants
dietary fiber

Answer 22

Cellulose

Question 23

chitin is made of ________ linked together in a chain

Answer 23

glucose subunits

Question 24

lipids are ________ “water fearing”

Answer 24

hydrophobic

Question 25

types of lipids

Answer 25

fats waxes steroids oils triglycerides

Question 26

Lipids are composed of

Answer 26

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Question 27

6 functions of lipids

Answer 27

-long-term energy storage - protection against heat loss (insulation) - protection against water loss - protection against physical shock - chemical messengers (hormones) - major components of membranes (phospholipids)

Question 28

A long chain of hydrogen and carbon make up this.

Answer 28

Fatty acids

Question 29

Types of fatty acids

Answer 29

Saturated Fatty Acid Unsaturated Fatty Acid Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

Question 30

Indicator that turns in a variety of colors in the presence of lipids

Answer 30

Sudan

Question 31

Cell membranes are made of this

Answer 31

Phospholipids

Question 32

Phospholipids have a head that is polar and attract water

Answer 32

Hydrophilic

Question 33

Phospholipids have 2 tails that are nonpolar and do not attract water

Answer 33

Hydrophobic

Question 34

Carbon skeleton of steroids is bent to form 4 fused rings

Answer 34

Steroids

Question 35

Is the "base steroids" from which your body produces other steroids

Answer 35

Cholesterol

Question 36

Proteins are composed of what elements

Answer 36

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

Question 37

Monomer of proteins

Answer 37

Amino acids

Question 38

Functions of proteins

Answer 38

- Essential to life - builds structure - movements makes up muscle tissue - transport, carries oxygen in an organism (hemoglobin) - immunity, helps fight off foreign invaders - enzymes, speeds up chemical reactions - energy source, 1 gram = 4 kcal of energy)

Question 39

Polymer: peptide

Answer 39

Has peptide bond and covalent bonding links

Question 40

Peptides has 4 shapes

Answer 40

Primary structure Secondary structure Tertiary structure Quartenary structure

Question 41

Specific sequence of amino acids in a protein

Answer 41

Primary structure (polypeptide)

Question 42

Occurs when protein chains coil (helix) or fold (pleated)

Answer 42

Secondary protein structure

Question 43

when lrotein chains called polypeptide join together and R groups interact with each other

Answer 43

Tertiary Structure

Question 44

Composed of 2 or more subunits

Answer 44

Quartenary Structure

Question 45

Proteins act as a biological catalyst or enzymes

Answer 45

enzymatic activity

Question 46

The enzyme contains an opening called

Answer 46

Activation (active) site

Question 47

this site is specific for the object it will hold

Answer 47

substrate

Question 48

Two types of Nucleic Acid

Answer 48

DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid (double helix) RNA- Ribonucleic acid (single strand)

Question 49

Nucleic acid are composed of long chains of (monomers)

Answer 49

Nucleotides

Question 50

Nucleic acid is composed of 5 elements

Answer 50

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus

Question 51

Nucleotides include:

Answer 51

A phosphate group A pentose sugar (5-carbon) A nitrogenous base Adenine Thymine(DNA only) Uracil (RNA only) Cytosine Guanine