Macromolecules

Question 1

Organic Compounds

Answer 1

found in all living things, primarily composed of covalent bonds

Question 2

Importance of Carbon

Answer 2

the backbone of all organic compounds

Question 3

Polymers

Answer 3

monomers linked together

Question 4

Monomer

Answer 4

individual subunits of macromolecules

Question 5

Nucleic Acids

Answer 5

Example: DNA, RNA, ATP
Monomer: Nucleotide

Question 6

Carbohydrates

Answer 6

Example: Mono, Di, Poly
Monomer: Monosacchride

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

Example: Antibodies
Monomer: Amino Acid

Question 8

Lipids

Answer 8

Example: Fatty Acid
Monomer: none

Question 9

Nucleotides

Answer 9

a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, one or more phosphate groups

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

carries genetic information

Question 11

DNA Shape

Answer 11

twisted, double helix

Question 12

DNA function of sugar/phosphate

Answer 12

structural framework

Question 13

DNA function of Nitrogenous Bases

Answer 13

building blocks of genetic information

Question 14

RNA

Answer 14

converts DNA info into protein

Question 15

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 15

1. RNA has a single helix, and DNA has a double
2. DNA has a deoxyribose base, and RNA has a ribose base
3. RNA uses uracil, while DNA uses thymine

Question 16

ATP

Answer 16

the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level

Question 17

ATP’s relationship with ADP

Answer 17

ATP loses the third phosphate group and it releases energy for cell functions becoming ADP (hydrolysis)

Question 18

Carbohydrate’s Elemenal Composition

Answer 18

contains C, H, and O at a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 19

Carbohydrates function in living oransims

Answer 19

an energy source, or part of the structure of the organism

Question 20

Monosaccharides

Answer 20

number of units: 1
example: glucose
fast energy

Question 21

Disaccharides

Answer 21

number of units: 2
example: sucrose, lactose, maltose
energy storage

Question 22

Polysaccharides

Answer 22

number of units: 3
example: starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
energy storage

Question 23

Lipids Elemental Composition

Answer 23

contains mostly C and H

Question 24

Hydrophobic

Answer 24

doesn’t dissolve in water

Question 25

Fatty Acids

Answer 25

building blocks of fat in the body

Question 26

Saturated Fatty Acids

Answer 26

max number of hydrogen atoms, no double bonds, solid at room temp.

Question 27

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 27

has one or more double bonds, liquid at room temp.

Question 28

Triglycerides

Answer 28

a type of fat, lipid

Question 29

Triglyceride Structure

Answer 29

glycerol backbone, with 3 fatty acids

Question 30

Triglyceride Function

Answer 30

energy reserve and surrounds organs to give cushioning and support

Question 31

Phospholipids

Answer 31

a group of polar lipids that consist of 2 fatty acids, a glycerol unit, and a phosphate group

Question 32

Phosphate "head"

Answer 32

hydrophilic, is polar, and dissolves in water

Question 33

Phosphate "tail"

Answer 33

hydrophobic, isn't polar, and doesn't dissolve in water

Question 34

Steroids

Answer 34

group of lipids

Question 35

Steroid's Structure

Answer 35

4 interlocking Carbon rings

Question 36

Steroid Examples

Answer 36

testosterone, estrogen, cortisol

Question 37

Protein Support

Answer 37

function: provides structural support to cells and tissue example: collagen in the skin

Question 38

Protein Movement

Answer 38

function: allows muscle contractions example: transport of nutrients

Question 39

Protein Transport

Answer 39

function: acts as a door, letting molecules in and out examples: sodium potassium pump

Question 40

Protein Buffering

Answer 40

function: protein compounds consume small amounts of acids and bases examples: hemoglobin binds H+

Question 41

Metabolic Regulation

Answer 41

function: breaks down dietary proteins into individual amino acids example: the stomach

Question 42

Protein Coordination

Answer 42

function: transmits signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs example: insulin

Question 43

Protein Defense

Answer 43

function: recognizing and responding to invading pathogens examples: antibodies

Question 44

Protein Sequence and Shape

Answer 44

the interactions between amino acids determine the shape

Question 45

Denaturation

Answer 45

processes that change a protein's structure by breaking its bond that makes its shape

Question 46

Enzymes

Answer 46

proteins that help speed up chemical reactions

Question 47

Substrate

Answer 47

binds to the enzymes and is converted into products

Question 48

Product

Answer 48

substance after the chemical reaction

Question 49

Lock and Key Theory

Answer 49

describes how enzymes function

Question 50

Effect of denaturation

Answer 50

loses it's shape