Macromolecules

Question 1

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 1

A carbon based molecule (several molecules bonded together)

Question 2

All biological macro-molecule are made up of a small number of these 6 elements:

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur

Question 3

What is a monomer?

Answer 3

A single molecule

Question 4

What is a polymer?

Answer 4

A chain of monomers (multiple molecules)

Question 5

What are the four main macromolecules

Answer 5

Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids

Question 6

What are the three types of chemical bonds that can form with a carbon atom?

Answer 6

Single, double, and triple

Question 7

What are the functions of carbs?

Answer 7

They are body’s energy source (sugars), energy storage and structure

Question 8

What are the monomers of Carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Question 9

Three examples of carbs

Answer 9

Glucose, sucrose, fructose, lactose… ect (they always end with “ose”)

Question 10

What shape is glucose?

Answer 10

A hexagon

Question 11

What elements make up Carbohydrates

Answer 11

CHO
carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1

Question 12

What is a simple sugar?

Answer 12

A sugar in its simplest form

Question 13

What is a simple sugar also known as?

Answer 13

A monosaccharide

Question 14

What are two simple sugars? More than two?

Answer 14

Disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 15

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 15

Structural support, biochemical catalysts, hormones, enzymes, building blocks, and initiators of cellular death.

Question 16

What elements make up proteins?

Answer 16

CHON(S)

Question 17

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 17

Amino acids

Question 18

How many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 18

20

Question 19

What do enzymes do?

Answer 19

They help speed up chemical reactions in the human body.

Question 20

When an enzyme no longer can function, what happened to it?

Answer 20

It got denatured

Question 21

What can cause an enzyme to denature?

Answer 21

Changes in pH or temerature

Question 22

What happens when an enzyme denatures?

Answer 22

It changes shape and can no longer attach to the protein.

Question 23

What do enzymes attach to? Explain the process.

Answer 23

Enzymes attach to substrates. They have to be a perfect fit, or they won’t function properly. They attach to a place called the active site

Question 24

What is an enzyme inhibitor? Explain the two types and what they do.

Answer 24

There are two types, competitive or noncompetitive. Competitive takes up the active site so the enzymes can’t attach. Noncompetitive enzymes attach to the substrate on a place other than the active site and deform it so enzymes can’t fit.

Question 25

What do proteins look like?

Answer 25

Any of the twenty different amino acids twisted into a chain. (A polymer)

Question 26

What are some examples of proteins?

Answer 26

skin, hair, fingernails, claws, pepsin, insulin

Question 27

Why is the shape of a protein important?

Answer 27

The shape determines its function/job

Question 28

What does it mean when we say an enzyme digests a molecule?

Answer 28

It breaks it down into its smaller subunits

Question 29

Enzymes are named for:

Answer 29

The reaction they help (ex. sucrase breaks down sucrose)

Question 30

Enzymes always end in:

Answer 30

Ase

Question 31

What do enzymes do for cells?

Answer 31

Enzymes speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions in cells.

Question 32

What are the functions of lipids?

Answer 32

Energy storage, make up the cell membrane, cushions organs, and insulates body

Question 33

Examples of lipids

Answer 33

Fats, oils, waxes, cuticles of plants, pigments, and hormones

Question 34

What elements make up lipids

Answer 34

CHOP(S)

Question 35

What are the monomers of lipids?

Answer 35

Fatty acids and glycerol