macromolecules Flashcards
(16 cards)
carbohydrate functions
source of chemical energy (glucose)
form structural components
glycogen v starch
glycogen = storage in animals
starch = storage in plants (cell wall)
nucleotide structure
base + phosphate + sugar
phosphodiester bonds form nucleic acids
DNA bases
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
RNA bases
adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
protein monomer and how joined
amino acid joined by peptide bonds
primary structure
sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
secondary structure
polypeptide chains folded into alpha helices, beta plated sheets or random folding - joined with hydrogen bonds
tertiary structure
polypeptides folded into specific 3D shapes - joined by H bonds, disulfide bridges, hydrophobic interactions - based on R groups
quaternary structure
2 or more polypeptides joined to form larger protein molecules - joined by H bonds, disulfide bridges, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds
denaturation
changes/disruptions/alterations of R group -> changes to 3D shape
caused by high temp, high or low pH
lipids
insoluble in water
non-polar
held together by weak dispersion forces
dissolve readily in organic solvents
composed mainly of CHO
saturated lipids
no double bonds - able to pack closely
unsaturated lipids
double bonds so not able to pack tightly -> kinks
lipid function
energy storage
insulation eg blubber
transport
steroids eg cholesterol
phospholipids bilayer
protein functions
structure
hormones
enzymes
transport
storage
