Macromolecules

Question 1

What are macromolecules?

Answer 1

Large molecules composed of thousands of atoms, typically organized into polymers.

Question 2

Name the four major types of macromolecules.

Answer 2

Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Question 3

True or False: Macromolecules are usually small and simple in structure.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What type of macromolecule are enzymes classified as?

Answer 4

Proteins.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Carbohydrates are primarily composed of ______, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 5

Carbon

Question 6

What is the basic unit of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Monosaccharides.

Question 7

What is a polymer?

Answer 7

A large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of many smaller molecules called monomers.

Question 8

Which macromolecule serves as the primary source of energy for living organisms?

Answer 8

Carbohydrates.

Question 9

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 10

Amino acids.

Question 11

What type of bond links amino acids together in proteins?

Answer 11

Peptide bonds.

Question 12

Name the macromolecule that stores genetic information.

Answer 12

Nucleic acids.

Question 13

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 13

DNA and RNA.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The primary function of lipids is to store ______.

Answer 14

Energy

Question 15

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Answer 15

Nucleotides.

Question 16

Which macromolecule is important for cell membrane structure?

Answer 16

Lipids.

Question 17

True or False: All proteins function as enzymes.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What is the process called by which polymers are formed from monomers?

Answer 18

Polymerization.

Question 19

What type of macromolecule is glucose?

Answer 19

Carbohydrate.

Question 20

What is the role of RNA in cells?

Answer 20

To transfer genetic information from DNA for protein synthesis.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: Proteins can function as ______, structural components, and signaling molecules.

Answer 21

Enzymes

Question 22

What are triglycerides?

Answer 22

A type of lipid composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.

Question 23

True or False: All carbohydrates are sweet to taste.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is the main function of cellulose?

Answer 24

To provide structural support in plant cell walls.

Question 25

What are the two main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 25

Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.

Question 26

What is a phospholipid?

Answer 26

A lipid containing a phosphate group that is a major component of cell membranes.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: Amino acids have a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a ______ group.

Answer 27

R group

Question 28

What is the function of chitin?

Answer 28

To provide structural support in the exoskeletons of arthropods and in fungi.

Question 29

What determines the function of a protein?

Answer 29

Its three-dimensional structure.

Question 30

True or False: Unsaturated fats are typically solid at room temperature.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What is the primary energy storage form in animals?

Answer 31

Glycogen.

Question 32

What is the name of the bond that links monosaccharides together?

Answer 32

Glycosidic bond.

Question 33

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Answer 33

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The sequence of ______ in a protein determines its shape and function.

Answer 34

Amino acids

Question 35

What is the main function of lipids in cells?

Answer 35

To store energy and form cell membranes.