Macromolecules

Question 1

The four classes of biological macromolecules are

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

Question 2

Carbohydrates are composed of which elements

Answer 2

C, H, O

Question 3

Glucose is a ____saccharide

Answer 3

mono

Question 4

Cells extract energy stored in glucose molecules through a process known as _____

Answer 4

cellular respiration

Question 5

Maltose is a ___saccharide composed of _____

Answer 5

di; 2 glucose molecules

Question 6

In plants, starch is stored as ____ in which organelle?

Answer 6

granules; chloroplasts

Question 7

Starch can be withdrawn via which process to provide the plant with energy?

Answer 7

hydrolysis

Question 8

Starch is a polymer of ____.

Answer 8

alpha-glucose

Question 9

Animals store glycogen in which types of cells?

Answer 9

liver and muscle cells

Question 10

A common structural polysaccharide in plants is

Answer 10

cellulose

Question 11

Cellulose is a polymer of ____.

Answer 11

beta-glucose

Question 12

A structural polysaccharide commonly found in fungi and arthropods

Answer 12

chitin

Question 13

Nucleic acids are composed of repeating subunits called

Answer 13

nucleotides

Question 14

Components of a nucleotide

Answer 14

pentose sugar, phosphate group, organic nitrogenous base

Question 15

Purine nucleotides

Answer 15

Adenine, guanine

Question 16

Pyrimidine nucleotides

Answer 16

Thymine, cytosine, uracil

Question 17

What type of ring structure is associated with purines?

Answer 17

Double-bonded rings

Question 18

What type of ring structure is associated with purines?

Answer 18

Single-ring structure

Question 19

Nucleotides are linked to each other via a _____, formed between _______ and _______.

Answer 19

phosphodiester bond, phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next nucleotide

Question 20

The base pairs on each nucleotide chain are joined by ____ bonds between nitrogenous bases

Answer 20

hydrogen

Question 21

Main differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 21

1. RNA is single stranded
2. RNA contains uracil instead of thymine
3. RNA is very unstable and decomposes rapidly
4. Ribose sugar backbone in RNA contains an -OH group

Question 22

Primary function of ribosomes

Answer 22

Synthesis of proteins

Question 23

Primary function of mRNA

Answer 23

Messenger RNA delivers the DNA code for production of amino acids to the cytosol

Question 24

Primary function of rRNA

Answer 24

Forms ribosomes by combining with proteins

Question 25

Primary function of tRNA

Answer 25

Collects amino acids in the cytosol and transfers them to the ribosomes

Question 26

Functions of proteins

Answer 26

Enzyme catalysts, transport, defence, structural support, movement, regulation of genes, storage of ions

Question 27

Proteins that assist in folding of other proteins

Answer 27

Chaperones

Question 28

Central dogma of gene expression

Answer 28

DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated to amino acids. A polymer of amino acids forms a protein.

Question 29

Saturated lipids occur when

Answer 29

All internal carbons in a fatty acid chain are bonded to at least two hydrogen atoms

Question 30

Unsaturated lipids

Answer 30

lipids with double or triple bonds in their fatty acid chains

Question 31

Draw structure of glycerol molecule

Answer 31

CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH)