Macromolecules and atomic structures

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

a substance made up of one type of atom.

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements.

Question 3

Chemical Formula

Answer 3

the number of atoms present for each element

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

the smallest basic unit of matter

Question 5

Molecule

Answer 5

two or more atoms bonded by shared electrons

Question 6

Chemical reactions

Answer 6

change materials into different substances by breaking chemical bonds and forming new ones, rearranging atoms in the process

Question 7

Matter

Answer 7

substance of which any physical thing is composed.

Question 8

Proton

Answer 8

positively charged particle. located in nucleus

Question 9

Neutron

Answer 9

neutral particle – no charge. located in nucleus

Question 10

Electron

Answer 10

negatively charged particle. orbit around the nucleus

Question 11

Atomic Number

Answer 11

number of protons in nucleus

Question 12

Mass Number

Answer 12

number of protons and neutrons

Question 13

Neutral Atom

Answer 13

equal # protons and electrons

Question 14

Ion

Answer 14

charged, the # of protons and electrons are not equal.

Question 15

Cation

Answer 15

when an atom loses an electron, positively charged

Question 16

Anion

Answer 16

when an atom loses an electron, negatively charged

Question 17

conservation of mass

Answer 17

in a chemical reaction mass is neither created nor destroyed. total mass of the products= total mass of the reactants

Question 18

Macromolecules

Answer 18

large organic molecules, containing carbon used for various functions in living

Question 19

Monomers

Answer 19

small, basic unit of macromolecule

Question 20

Polymers

Answer 20

complex structure made of monomers.

Question 21

Dehydration Reaction

Answer 21

to build polymer: Links monomers in covalent bond and removes H2O

Question 22

Hydrolysis

Answer 22

breaks covalent bond. turns polymer in to monomers. H2O is added.

Question 23

Monosaccharide

Answer 23

single sugar molecules. monomer of Carbohydrate

Question 24

Amino acids

Answer 24

monomer of Proteins

Question 25

Nucleotides

Answer 25

monomer of Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)

Question 26

Examples of Monosaccharides

Answer 26

Glucose (simplest sugar, main fuel for cell), Galactose Fructose (fruit sugar).

Question 27

Example of Disaccharides

Answer 27

Sucrose - table sugar. (Glucose + fructose )

Question 28

Examples of Polysaccharides

Answer 28

Starch (how plants store sugar, grains) Glycogen (how animals store sugar), Cellulose (structural support in plant cell walls) Formed by repeated glucose

Question 29

Polysaccharides

Answer 29

large molecules formed by many repeated monosaccharides. also structural molecules and store energy

Question 30

Disaccharides

Answer 30

two monosaccharides combined. formed via condensation reaction

Question 31

Polysaccharides as structural molecules

Answer 31

cellulose - makes up cell walls (plants) chitin - makes up exoskeletons

Question 32

Polysaccharides as energy molecules

Answer 32

starch (plants) glycogen (animals)

Question 33

saturated fat

Answer 33

bad fat

Question 34

unsaturated fat

Answer 34

good fat

Question 35

trans fat

Answer 35

worst food

Question 36

Lipids

Answer 36

Long-term Energy Storage, hormones, cell membrane

Question 37

Steroids

Answer 37

cholesterol & sex hormones–made of 4 fused rings

Question 38

Triglycerides

Answer 38

fat

Question 39

Phospholipids

Answer 39

making up the plasma membrane structure of cells.

Question 40

Proteins

Answer 40

run your body

Question 41

protins functions

Answer 41

Enzymes, Hormones, form bones and muscles, Transports substances, antibodies

Question 42

Examples of proteins

Answer 42

Insulin, collagen, Hemoglobin, Antibodies

Question 43

Polymer

Answer 43

Polypeptide

Question 44

peptide bond

Answer 44

link amino acids

Question 45

protein folding

Answer 45

determines function of protein

Question 46

Protein structures

Answer 46

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Question 47

Nucleic Acids

Answer 47

store & transmit genetic information

Question 48

Polymer of nucleic acids

Answer 48

Dna and Rna

Question 49

nucleotide

Answer 49

sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base