Macromolecules And Enzymes

Question 1

Carbohydrates (sugars)

Answer 1

Organic molecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 2

Macromolecules

Answer 2

Huge and most common organic molecules found in living organisms as many as thousands of atoms of carbon and otheratoms bonded together

Question 3

The early atmosphere of the earth contained:

Answer 3

H2O, N2, CO2, CH4, NH3

Question 4

Miller-urey apparatus

Answer 4

Model of what conditions were like on earth when life arose

Question 5

Apparatus conditions

Answer 5

High amount of lightning, heat and gases released by volcanic actively, and water vapor present in the atmosphere

Question 6

4 macromolecules of life

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, DNA and RNA, lipids, and proteins

Question 7

Organic chemistry

Answer 7

The study of the carbon components that make up living organisms

Question 8

Backbone of all organic compounds

Answer 8

Carbon because of its unusual ability to form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 9

Monosaccharides

Answer 9

Simplest sugars

Question 10

What is found in both structural and energy storage molecules?

Answer 10

Glucose, galactose, and fructose

Question 11

Ribose

Answer 11

Sugar Used for RNA

Question 12

Deoxyribose

Answer 12

Sugar Used for DNA

Question 13

Disaccharides

Answer 13

Double-sugars, made of two monosaccharides chemically bonded together (sucrose, maltose’s lactose, etc)

Question 14

Polysaccharides

Answer 14

Polymers of sugars

Question 15

Polymer

Answer 15

A molecule that has a large number of repeating similar units bonded together

Question 16

Two roles of polysaccharides

Answer 16

Providing structure and energy storage

Question 17

Starch

Answer 17

An energy storage polysaccharide of plants, made of 300-1000 glucose molecules joined together

Question 18

Glycogen

Answer 18

Storage polysaccharide in animals, nearly identical to starch except that the molecule branches off more mainly stored in liver and muscle cells. Utilized for quick bursts of activity

Question 19

Cellulose

Answer 19

Structural polysaccharide that makes the strongest part of the cell wall of plants, only digestable for certain animals

Question 20

Nucleic acids

Answer 20

Genetic material of our cells like DNA and RNAs, a polymer made of nucleotides

Question 21

Each nucleotide is made of:

Answer 21

A phosphate group, nitrogen containing base, sugar(ribose or deoxyribose)

Question 22

DNA

Answer 22

Made of two strands of nucleotides that form a double-helix shape. The nitrogenous bases form hydrogen bonds with each other

Question 23

RNA

Answer 23

A single stranded molecule

Question 24

Lipids

Answer 24

Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, only class of mascromdlecuke that does not form polymers, considered hydrophobic because they cannot dissolve in water

Question 25

Triglycerides

Answer 25

Combo of glycerin and fatty acids, considered the biggest component of plant and animal fat

Question 26

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 26

Have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds, solid at room temperature and have a straighter shape that can be packed tighter together

Question 27

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 27

Have one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature

Question 28

Trans fats

Answer 28

Unsaturated fatty acids that have been changed to have fewer double bonds

Question 29

Phospholipids

Answer 29

One of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate. The two fatty acid tails are hydrophobic but the phosphate head is hydrophilic meaning it will dissolve in water

Question 30

Bilayer

Answer 30

Double-layered film of molecules formed when phospholipids are added to water of

Question 31

Steroids

Answer 31

The chains of carbon and hydrogen form four interlocking rings, includes cholesterol, cortisone, and the sex hormones

Question 32

Proteins

Answer 32

Made of chains of amino acids, shape is determine by sequence and function is determined by shape

Question 33

Morphine

Answer 33

Activates many of the same protein receptors on cell membranes and causes similar effects

Question 34

Endorphin

Answer 34

Protein that reduces pain and stimulates feelings of euphoria in the nervous system

Question 35

Protein functions

Answer 35

Structural support, movement, transportation within cells, buffering against changes in ph, regulation of chemical reactions, control and defense

Question 36

Enzymes

Answer 36

Special proteins that catalyzes or speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the body

Question 37

Substrates

Answer 37

Reactants/inputs that bind to active site of enzyme

Question 38

Products

Answer 38

The substances that are produced following the reaction between enzyme and substrates

Question 39

Denaturation

Answer 39

A change in shape that disables a protein's function and is most often caused by heat orexposure to acid