Macromolecules, Kingdoms & Domains

Question 1

Define introns.

Answer 1

Stretches of DNA within a gene not used to make a gene product.

Question 2

Define ribosomes.

Answer 2

Structures inside cells used to synthesize proteins (rRNA).

Question 3

What is the order of appearance on Earth?

Answer 3

Prokaryotes, protist, animals, plants.

Prokaryote before Eukaryote
Unicellular before Multicellular
Water before Land

Question 4

What are the macromolecules?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & nucleic acids.

Question 5

Which macrom are polymers (repeating units)?

Answer 5

Carbs, proteins & nucleic acids.

Question 6

Which macrom are composed of nucleotides?

Answer 6

Nucleic acids only.

Question 7

Which macrom are composed of amino acids?

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

Which macrom are synthesized in the human body?

Answer 8

ALL! Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

Question 9

Which macrom can be used as fuel?

Answer 9

Carbohydrates, lipids. (at last, proteins)

Question 10

Which macrom used as hormones?

Answer 10

Proteins & Lipids.

Question 11

Which macrom can provide structures & explain?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates (chitin for the external skeleton of insects) & proteins (microtubules provide structure to cells). (and phospholipids as membrane at last).

Question 12

Which macrom contain C, H, O?

Answer 12

ALL! Because they all are organic molecules.

Question 13

Give specifics examples of a protein.

Answer 13

Albumin, collagen, insuline, hemoglobin.

Question 14

Give specific examples of a carbohydrate.

Answer 14

Glucose, fructose, starch

Question 15

Give specifics examples of a nucleic acid (nucleotides).

Answer 15

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine (DNA) & uracil (RNA).

Question 16

Give specifics examples of a lipid.

Answer 16

Testosterone (steroids).

Question 17

Function of carbohydrates.

Answer 17

Primary source of energy. Excess is stored for later use.

Question 18

Function of lipids.

Answer 18

Secondary source of energy stored for long term use.

Insulation, hormones, constitutes the cellular membrane, steroid.

Question 19

Function of proteins.

Answer 19

Transport, storage, structure, hormones, defence, enzymes.

Question 20

Function of nucleic acids.

Answer 20

Carry cells blueprint and instructions for its functioning. DNA for replication and controlling cellular activities. RNA for protein synthesis and regulation.

Question 21

What are the domains?

Answer 21

Bacteria, Archaea (prokaryotic) & Eukarya (eukaryotic).

Question 22

What domains have genes with introns?

Answer 22

Eukarya and some Archaea.

Question 23

What domains have internal membranes / organelles?

Answer 23

Eukarya.

Question 24

What are the ribosome size of the domains?

Answer 24

Bacteria & Archaea = 70S

Eukarya = 80S

Question 25

What is the cell membrane of Bacteria composed of?

Answer 25

Fatty acids + glycerol (unbranched tails)

Question 26

What is the cell membrane of Archaea composed of?

Answer 26

Hydrocarbons (isoprene chains) + glycerol (branched tails)

Question 27

What are the kingdoms?

Answer 27

Bacteria: Eubacteria Archaea: Archaebacteria Eukarya: Protista (slime molds, green algae, choanoflagellates), Fungi, Animals, Plants.

Question 28

Name the unicellular kingdoms.

Answer 28

Eubacteria and archaebacteria and protista (green algae).

Question 29

Name the multicellular kingdoms.

Answer 29

Fungi, animals and plants. (green algae is mostly uncicellular)

Question 30

What kingdoms are heterotrophs?

Answer 30

Bacteria, archaebacteria, fungi and animals.

Question 31

What kingdoms are autotrophs?

Answer 31

Green algae and plants.

Question 32

Which kingdoms have a cell wall?

Answer 32

Eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi, plants. (all except animals).

Question 33

Which kingdoms do sexual reproduction?

Answer 33

Animals, plants (maybe fungi)

Question 34

Which kingdoms do asexual reproduction?

Answer 34

Eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi and plants.

Question 35

Which kingdoms have organelles?

Answer 35

ALL! but only Eukaryotic have membrane bound organelles.