macromolecules quiz

Question 1

organic compounds

Answer 1

contain carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 2

inorganic compounds

Answer 2

can have carbon and hydrogen, but not both

Question 3

a polymer consists of repeated, linked units, which can also bind forming large polymers called…

Answer 3

macromolecules

Question 4

large carbon compounds are built up from smaller simpler molecules called… ; the building blocks of macromolecules

Answer 4

monomers

Question 5

monomers can bind to each other to form complex molecules called… (______ = many)

Answer 5

polymers

Question 6

monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called…

Answer 6

condensation reaction OR dehydration synthesis

Question 7

the process in which complex molecules, such as polymers, breakdown

Answer 7

hydrolysis

Question 8

4 main types of macromolecules

Answer 8

carbohydrates (CHO), lipids (CHO), proteins (CHON), nucleic acids (CHONP)

Question 9

what is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?

Answer 9

1:2:1 (CH₂O)ₙ - [n= carbon atoms]

Question 10

what’re the monomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

monosaccharides

Question 11

monosaccharides are _______ _______

Answer 11

simple sugars

Question 12

examples of monosaccharides:

Answer 12

glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 13

disaccharides have __ monosaccharides joined y dehydration synthesis

Answer 13

2

Question 14

examples of disaccharides:

Answer 14

lactose, sucrose

Question 15

what are polysaccharides?

Answer 15

carbohydrates formed from linking individual sugars into long chains

Question 16

examples of polysaccharides:

Answer 16

starch, cellulose (in cell walls of plants), glycogen, muscles and liver (for quick energy)

Question 17

lipids

Answer 17

fats, oils, waxes

Question 18

lipids do NOT _________ __ ________

Answer 18

dissolve in water

Question 19

lipids usually have 3 functions:

Answer 19

long-term energy storage, structural support in cell membranes, and serving as reactants for metabolic reactions

Question 20

monomers for most lipids:

Answer 20

fatty acids

Question 21

fatty acids are either…

Answer 21

saturated or unsaturated

Question 22

saturated fatty acids have the _________ number of bonds and are full

Answer 22

maximum

Question 23

unsaturated fatty acids have ______ _______ in the carbon chain and are NOT full

Answer 23

double bonds

Question 24

a common lipid that contains fatty acids; they are glycerol linked to 3 fatty acids by condensation reaction

Answer 24

triglyceride

Question 25

_______ are organic compounds composed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen atoms

Answer 25

proteins

Question 26

proteins are the construction materials for body parts such as...

Answer 26

hair, skin, nails, blood

Question 27

the monomer of proteins:

Answer 27

amino acids

Question 28

help control chemical reactions by acting as catalysts

Answer 28

enzymes

Question 29

________ _______ are complex organic molecules that store genetic information in the cell

Answer 29

nucleic acids

Question 30

the monomers that make up most nucleic acids

Answer 30

nucleotides

Question 31

nucleotides consist of:

Answer 31

sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate

Question 32

3 main types of nucleic acids:

Answer 32

DNA, RNA, ATP