Macromolecules Test

Question 1

6 elements most common in living things:

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur (C, H, N, O, P, S)

Question 2

small molecular unit that is a building block of a larger molecule

Answer 2

MONOMER

Question 3

chain of monomers

Answer 3

POLYMER

Question 4

LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF HOW MANY BASIC MACROMOLECULES?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

WHAT ARE THE 4 BASIC MACROMOLECULES THAT COMPRISE LIVING THINGS?

Answer 5

CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, PROTEINS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 6

CARBOHYDRATES (AKA: WHATTTT?!)

Answer 6

SUGARS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 7

CARBOHYDRATE ELEMENTS:

Answer 7

CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN (IN A 1:2:1 RATIO- 1C:2H:1O)

Question 8

CARBOHYDRATE MONOMER:

Answer 8

MONOSACCHARIDES (SIMPLE SUGARS)

Question 9

carb POLYMER

Answer 9

POLYSACCHRIDE — REMEMBER… SACCHRIDE LITERALLY MEANS SUGAR!!

Question 10

CARBOHYDRATE FUNCTION?

Answer 10

STORE ENERGY; THEY ARE THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIVING THINGS!

Question 11

EXAMPLES OF CARBOHYDRATES (SUGARS)

Answer 11

LACTOSE, GLUCOSE, SUCROSE, FRUCTOSE, CELLULOSE, STARCH!

Question 12

WHAT SHAPE IS A CARBOHYDRATE?

Answer 12

HEXAGON!!!!

Question 13

LIPIDS… AKA WHAT?

Answer 13

FATS

Question 14

LIPID ELEMENTS

Answer 14

CARBON, OXYGEN, HYDROGEN …BUT NOT IN A 2:1 RATIO NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT

Question 15

LIPID MONOMER:

Answer 15

GLYCEROL (3 FATTY ACID CHAINS)

Question 16

LIPID POLYMER:

Answer 16

TRIGLYCERIDE

Question 17

LIPID FUNCTION:

Answer 17

A SECONDARY ENERGY SOURCE, BUILD HORMONES, BUILD CELL MEMBRANES

Question 18

EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS

Answer 18

OILS, STEROIDS, WAXES

Question 19

WHAT TYPE OF FATS ARE SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Answer 19

ssSSSATURATED FATS (ssSSINGLE BONDS!)

Question 20

WHAT TYPE OF FATS ARE LIQUID AT ROOM TEMP

Answer 20

UNSATURATED FATS (DOUBLE BONDS)

Question 21

ELEMENTS OF PROTEIN

Answer 21

CARBON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, OXYGEN (NO SPECIFIC ORDER)

Question 22

PROTEIN MONOMER

Answer 22

AMINO ACIDS

Question 23

PROTEIN POLYMER

Answer 23

POLYPEPTIDE

Question 24

PROTEIN FUNCTION

Answer 24

PROVIDE LIVING THINGS WITH STRUCTURE

Question 25

EXAMPLES OF PROTEIN

Answer 25

HEMOGLOBIN, ENZYMES

Question 26

AMINO ACIDS ARE HELD TOGETHER WITH SPECIAL BONDS CALLED:

Answer 26

PEPTIDE BONDS

Question 27

proteins have a __ shape that determines its ____

Answer 27

specific shape, determines its function

Question 28

primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure

Answer 28

1..chain of amino acids,2,..coils/folds3..combinations,4..solid 3d shape

Question 29

nucleic acids elements:

Answer 29

carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorous ... the only damn one ok?

Question 30

Nucleic acid monomer

Answer 30

Nucleotide yuh

Question 31

Nucleic acid polymer

Answer 31

nucleic acid duh

Question 32

nucleic acid function

Answer 32

carry genetic information (it's literally j dna and rna LMAOOOO)

Question 33

examples of nucleic acids

Answer 33

DNA, RNA (only examples in world)

Question 34

types of proteins

Answer 34

structural (provide support for cells/tissues), transport (carry substances through blood to the body), movement (responsible for muscle contraction), defense (protects body from pathogens), regulation (coordinate activity of different body systems)

Question 35

examples of types of proteins:

Answer 35

structural: hair and nails transport: hemoglobin movement: muscle fibers and cytoskeleton defense: antibodies regulation: hormones + enzymes

Question 36

Enzymes are ___

Answer 36

proteins, biological catalysts (catalysts are anything that speeds up a chemical reaction, ex. iron, vanadium oxide)

Question 37

enzyme shape? enzymes are __ | with a _______

Answer 37

globular (shaped like a literal blob LMAO) | but with a UNIQUE 3D SHAPE YASS ENZYME

Question 38

what is an active site?

Answer 38

the location on the enzyme where the reactant binds (between the keyhole)

Question 39

what is a substrate?

Answer 39

... the reactant molecule(s) that binds to the enzyme

Question 40

EACH ENZYME ONLY CATALYZES (SPEEDS UP) ONE SPECIFIC CHEMOCAL REACTION

Answer 40

+B/C THEY'RE SO SPECIFIC AND THERE'S ALOT OF THINGS THE BODY HAS TO DO, THERE ARE OVER 4,000 ENZYMES PER CELL

Question 41

HOW DO ENZYMES SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Answer 41

LOWERING ACTIVATION ENERGY (ENERGY NEEDED TO START) | -an uncatalyzed reaction requires more activation energy and a catalyzed one requires less!!!!!!

Question 42

enzymes can bond reactant molecules together OR

Answer 42

enzymes can break reactant molecules apart

Question 43

so the exact job of an enzyme is to

Answer 43

speed up a reaction by lowering the energy needed to start it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 44

enzyme activity is specific to

Answer 44

temp, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration

Question 45

enzyme characteristics

Answer 45

a. speeds up reactions b. lowers activation energy c. a protein d. REUSABLE e. specific pH and temp f. very specific shape and job

Question 46

during the reaction the substrate is turned into

Answer 46

product