Macronutrients - Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
Being the main source of energy for the body.
What are carbohydrates made up of?
Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
How many different types of carbohydrates are there and what are they called?
Three main types: Monosaccharides (simple sugars), Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides.
What are some characteristics, the function, and examples of monosaccharides?
Ring-shaped.
Many are used in cellular respiration.
Examples include glucose (universal sugar), fructose, and galactose.
What are the differences between the three examples of monosaccharides?
Fructose is shaped like a pentagon.
Glucose and Galactose are shaped like a hexagon.
OH on the left is directed downwards on glucose, while OH the left is directed upwards on galactose.
What are disaccharides made up of?
Two simple sugars together.
What are some examples of disaccharides?
Lactose (milk sugar), sucrose (table sugar) and maltose.
What are the differences between the three examples of disaccharides?
Sucrose is represented by a hexagon and a pentagon paired together.
Both lactose and maltose are represented by two hexagons paired together.
The two hexagons that lactose and sucrose is represented by are joined together by some straight lines that form box-like shapes.
The two hexagons that maltose is represented by are joined together by a straight horizontal line.
What are polysaccharides?
Complex carbohydrates.
What are polysaccharides made up of?
Can be up to as many as hundreds of simple sugars joined together.
What are some examples of polysaccharides?
Starches
Cellulose
Glycogen
What are the differences between the examples of polysaccharides?
The molecules that make up starch have CH2OH on top of all of them.
The molecules that make up cellulose have CH2OH alternating between being on top of the molecule, and being on the bottom of the molecule.
The molecules that make up glycogen have CH2OH are on top of one molecule, skip one molecule, then are on top of two consecutive molecules.
What is a healthy diet generally considered to be?
One in which carbohydrates provide at least 55% of a person’s energy needs.
What are some foods that are high in carbohydrates?
Vegetables
Potatoes
Grains
Where are carbohydrates from foods high in carbohydrates stored? What are they stored as?
Stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen.
