Macrophage Activation Pathways

Question 1

What compounds trigger the classical macrophage activation pathway?

Answer 1

Cytokines: TNFalpha, IFNgamma
Bacteria: LPS

Question 2

What compounds trigger the alternative macrophage activation pathway?

Answer 2

Cytokines: IL4, IL10, IL13, TGFbeta

Question 3

2 key characteristics of the M1 macrophage

Answer 3

pro-inflammatory

phagocytosis

Question 4

2 key characteristics of the M2 macrophage

Answer 4

anti-inflammatory

promotes tissue repair

Question 5

Which pathway produces which macrophage?

Answer 5

Classical pathway => M1 Macrophage

Alternative pathway => M2 Macrophage

Question 6

What cytokines does the M2 macrophage produce?

Answer 6

IL10, IL1RA (IL1 receptor antagonist)

Question 7

What cytokines does the M1 macrophage produce? Effect on which cells?

Answer 7

TNFalpha, IL12, IL13 (increase Th1 & Th17 cells)

Question 8

Pro-inflammatory actions of the M1 macrophage that contribute to tissue damage

Answer 8

1) creation of ROS, NO, proteases

2) releases coagulation factors

Question 9

Are M1 macrophages associated more with acute or chronic inflammation?

Answer 9

Chronic