Macroscopic Features - Pileus + Stipe Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
Conic
A
Pileal Shape
Resembles a cone / Cone-shaped
2
Q
Campanulate
A
Pileal Shape
In the shape of a bell / Bell-shaped
(Like the Liberty Bell)
3
Q
Convex
A
Pileal Shape
Equally rounded or evenly symmetrical;
broadly obtuse;
rounded like an inverted bowl
4
Q
Parabolic
A
Pileal Shape
A shape in which the height is greater than the width, but the apex is still rounded, like that of a parabola
5
Q
Plane
or
Applanate
A
Pileal Shape
Having a flat surface
OR
Pileal Margin
Extending outward and flat
6
Q
Uplifted
A
Pileal Shape AND Pileal Margin
The shape of the pileus when the margin is directed or turned upwards
7
Q
Broadly Umbonate
A
Pileal Shape
With a rounded and broad umbo
8
Q
Acutely Umbonate
A
Pileal Shape
With a sharply delineated or pointed umbo
9
Q
Cuspidate
A
Pileal Shape
WIth a cusp, or pointed umbo
10
Q
Mammilate / Papillate
A
Pileal Shape
Mammilate: Like the shape of a breast, possessing a protuberance (umbo) in the center which makes the pileus appear like a breast
Papillate: Having a papilla; differs from mammilate in having a smaller protuberance
11
Q
Shallowly Depressed
A
Pileal Shape
With a depression in the center of the pileus that is not very deep
12
Q
Deeply Depressed
A
Pileal Shape
With a depression in the center of the pileus that is deeply sunken.
13
Q
Infundibulliform
A
PIleal Shape
With the center of the cap so deeply sunken as to form a funnel shape
14
Q
Umbilicate
A
Pileal Shape
A pileal disc with a small umbo in a central depression; like a navel or umbilicus; often considered synonymous with shallowly depressed (ie shallowly depressed but lacking the umbo)
15
Q
Orbicular or Ovate / Ovoid
A
Pileal Shape
Orbicular: Having the appearance of an orb
Ovate / Ovoid: Ovate pertains to a 2D surface; Ovoid pertains to a solid shapes like a hens egg w/ the narrow end upward. A cross section through the center will be orbicular, longitudinal section will be ovate.
16
Q
Flabelliform
A
Pileal Shape
Fan-Shaped
17
Q
Petaloid
A
Pileal Shape
Shaped like the petal of a flower; Narrowed at the attachment of the sporocarp and expanded outwards; more elongated than flabelliform, more rounded than spathulate
18
Q
Spathulate
A
Pileal Shape
Shaped like a spatula; Narrowed at the attachment of sporocarp, sometimes widening again just before attachment, and expanded outwards, margin opposite of attachment is more flattened than petaloid
19
Q
Conchate
A
Pileal Shape
In the shape of a bivalve shell, such as an oster
20
Q
Dimidate
A
Pileal Shape
Semi-circular
21
Q
Inrolled
A
Pileal Margin
Rolled in; a pileal margin which is rolled inward; (=involute)
22
Q
Involute
A
Pileal Margin
Rolled in; a pileal margin which is rolled inward; (=inrolled)
23
Q
Incurved
A
Pileal Margin
Turned inwards; a pileal margin which is pointing toward the stipe or to the gills; not rolled up
24
Q
Decurved
A
Pileal Margin
Bent down, not inward
25
Straight
Pileal Margin
| Margin extending outward without curving upward or downward
26
Upturned
Pileal Margin
Said of a margin which is pointed or turned upwards (as distinct from Uplifted - the shape of the entire pileus with an upturned margin)
27
Entire
Margin of the Pileus or Gills
| Having the edge of the pileus or margin of the gills even and smooth, not interrupted at all
28
Crenate
Margin of the Pileus or Gills
| Having the margin composed of rounded teeth (=Scalloped)
29
Scalloped
Margin of the Pileus or Gills
| Having the margin composed of rounded teeth (=Crenate)
30
Crisped
Margin of the Pileus or Gills
| Finely curled and twisted or fine-wrinkled as in crepe paper; often considered synonymous with crenulate
31
Crenulate
Margin of the Pileus or Gills
Having small scallops (diminutive form of crenate); having delicate rounded teeth; often considered synonymous with crisped
32
Undulate / Undulating
Margin of the Pileus or Gills
| Broadly Wavy
33
Eroded
Margin of the Pileus or Gills
| With an irregular, jagged edge
34
Rimose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Cracked; Having crevices
35
Rimulose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Having small cracks or crevices; Diminutive of Rimose
36
Appendiculate
Margin of the pileus; Remnant of Partial Veil
| Having the margin of the expanded pileus fringed with pieces or patches of the partial veil
37
Translucent-Striate
Pileal Margin
| Said of a pileus which is striate because the gills are visible through its very thin, translucent flesh (=pellucid)
38
Pellucid
Pileal Margin
Said of a pileus which is striate because the gills are visible through its very thin, translucent flesh (=translucent-striate)
39
Striate
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Marked with delicate lines, grooves, or ridges radially oriented on the pileus, longitudinally oriented on the stripe
40
Pectinate
Surface of Pileus
Strongly and obviously marked with lines, grooves or ridges, short and parallel on the margin of the pileus like the teeth of a comb
41
Sulcate
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Grooved, more deeply grooved than striate, and less deeply than plicate
42
Tuberculate-striate
Pileal Margin
| With small bumbs (i.e., tubercles) on the striations, or lines
43
Shiny
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Shining as if polished (=lucidous / lucidus)
44
Lucidous / Lucidus
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Shining as if polished (=shiny)
45
Dull
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Without any shine
46
Sericeous
```
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
Like silk (=silky)
```
47
Arid
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Feeling as if there is no moisture in the surface (=dry)
48
Glutinous
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Covered with a substance that has the consistency of gluten or of liquid glue
49
Gelatinous
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Resembling in gelatin in consistency, like jelly
50
Moist
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Appearing as if wet with water; neither dry nor sticky nor like liquid glue, jelly, oil, nor grease
51
Lubricous
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Greasy to the touch; similar to the feel of oi (=greasy; =oily)
52
Viscid
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Very sticky but not slime-covered (i.e., not slimy)
53
Subviscid
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Slightly sticky and not slime-covered; nearly viscid
54
Tacky
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Very slightly sticky and not slime-covered; less sticky than subviscid
55
Hygrophanous
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Having a water-soaked appearance when wet; changing color in a marked manner when acquiring or losing moisture
56
Smooth
Surface of Pileus or Stipe (or any other part of sporocarp)
| A surface without any cracks, wrinkles, or pits
57
Scrobiculate / Scrobiculose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
With scrobiculae; With large, conspicuous, shallowly sunken spots, pits or hollows, not as deeply sunken as either an alveola or a lacuna
58
Alveolate
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
A type of pitted surface with the holes, hollows, or depressions in the shape of alveolae; hollows larger than scrobiculae, shallower than lacunae; sides of the hollows often rather 6-sided and honeycomb-like
59
Lacinate
Surface of Pileus
| Appearing as if cut into bands; said of a pileal surface which is split or cracked into large segments or bands
60
Areolate
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
Having a pattern of block-like areas similar to those formed when a mud flat dries; being divided by cracks into small areas
61
Rivulose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| With fine, irregularly connected lines, like a river and its tributaries as seen from the air; like little rivers
62
Corrugate
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Coarsely wrinkled or ridged (=rugose)
63
Rugose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Coarsely wrinkled or ridged (=corrugate)
64
Gyrose
Surface of Pileus
| With conspicuous folds, like those of a brain
65
Appressed
Of Surface Fibrils or Squamules
| Closely flattened down (=adpressed)
66
Appressed-Fibrillose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| With flattened fibrils
67
Appressed-Squamulose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| With flattened squamules
68
Arachnoid
Remnant of partial veil
| Like a spider's web; covered with, or formed of delicate fairs or fibrils; often applied to the appearance of a cortina
69
Atomate
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Having a powdered surface; surface covered by minute, shining particles
70
Brittle
Consistency of Stipe or Pileus
Breaking easily; most often applied to the consistency of the stipe; structure forms a sharp, non-fibrous edge when broken; rigid and often breaking with a snap; nearly equivalent to cartilaginous but not pliable
71
Bulbous
Shape of Stipe Base
| With an abruptly enlarged or thickened stipe base
72
Canaliculate
Surface of Stipe
| Stipe surface with canals or channels alternating with furrows (=fluted)
73
Canescent
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Becoming hoary or silvery; densely downy (=hoary)
74
Cartilaginous
Consistency of Stipe
Resembling cartilage in consistency; firm and tough but pliable; structure forms a sharp, non-fibrous edge and a fibrous center when broken; consistency of a stipe that is typically (not always) 5 mm or less in diameter; nearly equivalent to brittle
75
Cartilaginous rind
Consistency of Stipe
| With a cartilaginous outer layer (or rind) but a stuffed or fibrous center
76
Chalky
Consistency of Stipe
Breaking like blackboard chalk, i.e. when force is applied, the stipe snaps suddenly and sharply without bending; the broken edge is sharply defined and smooth, and the center is not fibrous; applied to consistency of the stipe in Russula and Lactarius spp.
77
Ciliate
Margin of Pileus or Edge of Gill
| Having hair like processes (cilia, singular cilium), which form a fringe on the margin of the pileus or edge of the gill
78
Clavate
Shape of Stipe
| Club-shaped with the thick end at the base; gradually tapering upwards from the base
79
Clavate-bulbous
Type of Bulbous Stipe Base
| Having a bulb that gradually tapers upwards and merges with the stipe
80
Cobweb-like
Remnant of Partial Veil
| Resembling a spider's web; a cortina
81
Terete
Shape of Stipe
Circular or round in cross section (i.e., if seen from the end) such that the stipe forms a perfect tubular shape; not flattened
82
Compressed
Shape of Stipe
Flattened in cross section (i.e. if seen from the end) such that the stipe forms the shape of a compressed or flattened tube
83
Coriaceous
Consistency of Pileus or Stipe
| Leathery; Like leather in texture
84
Corky
Consistency of Pileus or Stipe
| Cork-like; like cork in texture
85
Corneous
Consistency of Pileus or Stipe
| Horn-like in texture (i.e., like the horn of a bull)
86
Costate
Surface of Stipe
| Veined or ribbed
87
Downy
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Having a soft, fluffy covering
88
Downy-fibrillose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Covered with a soft layer of fibrils which usually are not dense
89
Downy-woolly
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Covered with a fluffy layer of fibrils which are not dense; like a thin layer of wool
90
Expallent
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Turning pale, becoming pale
91
Farinose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
Appearing as if covered by coarse meal; with finer ornamentations than granular; like freshly ground, coarse meal in texture and size
92
Felty
Surface of Pileus
| Having a fibrillose layer in the form of felt, i.e., densely matted and interwoven (=matted-fibrillose)
93
Fibrous-pliant
Consistency of Stipe
| A fleshy-fibrous stipe that is able to bend moderately without breaking
94
Fimbriate
Margin of Pileus
| Minutely or delicately torn or fringed
95
Fistulose
Consistency of Stipe
| Hollow, like a pipe; used to describe the flesh of the stipe when it becomes devoid of fibrils (i.e., empty)
96
Fibrous
Consistency of Stipe
Composed of an interwoven, dense mass of fibrils; often used to describe the consistency of a stipe which is greater than 4mm wide at the apex; in a fleshy-fibrous stipe, the stipe breaks unevenly when force is applied, leaving fibrils projecting from the broken edge as well as from the flesh
97
Floccose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Cottony; used when the fibrils have the appearance of cotton flannel
98
Fluted
Surface of Stipe
| Stipe surface with canals or channels alternating with furrows (=canaliculate)
99
Furfuraceous
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Covered with bran-like particles; coarser in texture than farinose and granular
100
Glabrescent
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Becoming glabrous or somewhat glabrous, that is, becoming smooth or somewhat smooth
101
Glabrous
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Bald; smooth; not fibrillose or hairy
102
Glandular-dotted
Surface of Stipe
Surface appearing as if coated with colored spots (glandules); most often used to describe the surface of the stipe apex in boletes
103
Granular / Granulose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
Surface covered with small granules, similar in size to those of salt; particles are larger than in farinose but smaller than in furfuraceous
104
Hirsute
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Having long, fairly coarse hairs; hairy
105
Hispid
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Having long, coarse hairs or bristles; with coarser or stiffer hairs than hirsute
106
Hoary
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Becoming silvery; densely downy (=canescent)
107
Imbricate-scaly
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Covered with scales which overlap one another
108
Incrassate
Shape of Stipe
| Made thick; a stipe that is thickened at the base but not quite bulbous
109
Innate
of Fibrils on surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Being an integral part of the tissue; not readily removable from the surrounding or adjacent tissue with age or rubbing
110
Lacerate
Surface of Pileus
| Appearing as if roughly torn or cut
111
Lacunose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
having lacunae, that is, having quite deep pits or hollows, the depth of which are greater than that of scrobiculae or of alveolae
112
Marcescent
Able to revive when moistened; applied to a sporocarp which can resume spore production when moistened after being dried; often the sporocarp swells out and resumes its original shape
113
Marginate (stipe base)
Shape of Stipe Base
Used to describe a bulbous stipe base when the bulb is well marked by its distinct rim (when the upper surface of the bulb is attached at a right angle) (marginate bulb = abruptly bulbous)
114
Marginate-depressed (bulb)
Shape of Stipe Base
| A bulbouse stipe base with a distint margin and upper surface shaped like the edge of a saucer
115
Matted-fibrillose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
Covered with fibrils which are interwoven (i.e., matted) in such a manner as to give the surface an appearance of felt; close to tomentose, which differs by having the fibrils arranged like those in wool, i.e., fluffy and not as matted (=felty)
116
Micaceous
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Covered with mica-like particles; appearing as if covered with small, glistening particles
117
Mottled
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Appearing as if covered with spots or blotches of different colors or shades
118
Peronate
Covering of Stipe
Sheathed; having a boot or covering like a sock; used to describe the lower portion of a stipe which is sheathed or covered with a universal or partial veil
119
Pileate
With a pileus
120
Pileate-sessile / Pileate and sessile
With a pileus, but without a stipe
121
Sessile
Without a stipe
122
Pliable
Feature of Pileus or Stipe
| Yielding easily to pressure, flexible
123
Pliant
Feature of Pileus or Stipe
| Bending or folding easily
124
Plicate
Surface of Pileus; type of pileal margin
| With folds or pleats like those of a fan
125
Plicate-striate
Surface of Pileus; type of pileal margin
| With folds and radial lines or furrows
126
Powdery / Powdered
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| As if covered with powder - typically described as being either granular, farinose, or pruinose (=pulverulent)
127
Pruinose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Covered with a very fine powder
128
Pubescent
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Having minute, soft hairs; downy differs by having slight larger hairs
129
Pulpy
Flesh of Pileus
| Like the flesh or pithy part of a vegetable, such as zucchini
130
Pulverulent
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| As if covered with powder (=powdered / powdery)
131
Punctate
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Marked with many small spots or hollows (punctae)
132
Punctate-squamulose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Marked with minute scales (squamules) or points
133
Radicating / Radicated
Type of Stipe
| Having a pseudorhiza
134
Recurved-squamulose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| WIth small, appressed scales, the tips of which are curved backwards
135
Reticulate
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Having a net; netted; ornamented with a net-like pattern (reticulations)
136
Saccate
Shape
| In the shape of a bag
137
Scabrous
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Roughened because of erect scales which are often pointed
138
Scabrulose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Diminutive of scabrous; roughened because of small erect scales
139
Serrate
Shape of Pileus Margin
| With a notched or toothed edge, like the teeth of a saw with an irregular pattern
140
Serrulate
Shape of Pileus Margin
| Diminutive of serrate; With a notched or toothed edge with teeth small and in an irregular pattern
141
Squamose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| With moderate-sized to large scales
142
Squamulose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| With small scales; diminutive of squamose
143
Squarrose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Covered with upright pointed scales; sometimes used in the same was as scabrous or recurved-squamulose
144
Streaked
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Having faint lines or bands; used when appressed fibrils appear like bands or faint lines, i.e., streaks (=virgate)
145
Strigose
Base of Stipe
| With large, bristle-like, coarse hairs
146
Subclavate
Shape of Stipe
| Nearly club-shaped
147
Tapered
Shape of Stipe
| Narrowed; not equal in thickness from the apex to the base
148
Tomentose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Densely matted and woolly; like a woolen blanket
149
Tomentulose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| With a slightly matted and woolly surface; like a thin woolen blanket; nearly tomentose
150
Velutinous
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| With a layer of compact, short, fine, and soft hairs; velvety; velvet-like
151
Ventricose (stipe)
Shape of stipe
| Pot-bellied; broad in the middle, but tapered at each end; said of a stipe with a swollen mid-portion
152
Villose
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| With long, soft, and weak hairs
153
Virgate
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Having faint lines or bands; used when appressed fibrils appear like bands or faint lines, i.e., streaks (=streaked)
154
Wart
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
| Small patches or pieces of universal-veil material on the surface of the pileus, pileal margin, or stipe base
155
Zonate
Surface of Pileus
| With concentric bands that are of different colors or tectures (=zoned)
