Madigan, "Medieval Christianity"

Question 1

Abbot/Abbess

Answer 1

The highest ranking monk or nun in a monastic community or order

Question 2

Absolution

Answer 2

The remission of sin

Question 3

Albigensians/Cathars

Answer 3

A heretical group popular in southern France and Italy during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Albigensians maintained a highly organized ecclesial structure, subscribed to a dualist theology, and were committed to rigorous asceticism.

Question 4

Anchoress

Answer 4

A female anchorite. During the Middle Ages, they were known for enclosing themselves in a single room and dedicating their lives to contemplation and prayer.

Question 5

Anchorite

Answer 5

One who voluntarily withdraws from society with the goal of achieving salvation through the disciplines of prayer, asceticism, and mortification.

Question 5

Anchorite

Answer 5

One who voluntarily withdraws from society with the goal of achieving salvation through the disciplines of prayer, asceticism, and mortification.

Question 5

Anchorite

Answer 5

One who voluntarily withdraws from society with the goal of achieving salvation through the disciplines of prayer, asceticism, and mortification.

Question 5

Anchorite

Answer 5

One who voluntarily withdraws from society with the goal of achieving salvation through the disciplines of prayer, asceticism, and mortification.

Question 6

Apostasy

Answer 6

The deliberate renunciation of faith.

Question 7

Arianism

Answer 7

An ancient heresy that held that Christ was not by nature divine but rather an exalted creation of God the Father. The view was championed by Arius, a priest from Alexandria, and was condemned at the Council of Nicaea in 325.

Question 8

autohagiography

Answer 8

An autobiographical account of a saint’s life.

Question 9

Avignon papacy

Answer 9

The period from 1309 to 1377 when seven consecutive popes reigned in Avignon (technically then within the boundaries of the German Empire) rather than in Rome.

Question 10

Ignatius martyred in Rome. [What year?]

Answer 10

107

Question 11

Christians tortured and persecuted by Pliny, governor of Bithynia-Pontus. [What year?]

Answer 11

112

Question 12

Marcion excommunicated. [What year?]

Answer 12

144

Question 13

Polycarp martyred in Smyrna. [What year?]

Answer 13

155

Question 14

Justin martyred. [What year?]

Answer 14

165

Question 15

Christians persecuted in Gaul; Montanus excommunicated. [What year?]

Answer 15

177

Question 16

Death of Tertullian. [What year?]

Answer 16

225

Question 17

Death of Origen. [What year?]

Answer 17

254

Question 18

Baptismal church

Answer 18

A church founded by a bishop, endowed with a baptismal font, and legally empowered to collect tithes and fees from parishioners.

Question 19

Beguines

Answer 19

A community of laywomen who were voluntarily committed to piety and chastity but did not take formal vows or join a religious order. Consequently, they were free to engage in commerce, to possess private property, and even to marry. They were condemned in 1311–1312 at the Council of Vienne.

Question 20

Benefice

Answer 20

A benefit due to the holder of an ecclesial office.

Question 21

Bishop

Answer 21

The highest ecclesiastical authority in a diocese.

Question 22

Blood libel

Answer 22

The myth that Jews secretly kidnapped and murdered children for ritualistic purposes. The blood libel myth was widely held by Christians in medieval Europe and led to the persecution and murder of many Jews.

Question 23

Bogomils

Answer 23

A dualist sect originating in Bulgaria in the tenth century. Like the ancient Manichaeans before them, Bogomils denounced the material world and practiced rigorous asceticism. The sect spread throughout Asia Minor, the Balkans, and finally to Europe, where it influenced the Cathars of France and Italy.

Question 24

303 — [______] under [______] begins

Answer 24

Great Persecution, Diocletian

Question 25

313 — [_____] issues the [______], legalizing Christianity and ending the [______]

Answer 25

Constantine, Edict of Milan, Great Persecution

Question 26

ca. 324 — [______] composes [______]

Answer 26

Eusebius of Caesarea, Historia Ecclesiastica

Question 27

325 — [______]; [______] declared heretical

Answer 27

Council of Nicaea, Arianism

Question 28

ca. 341 — [______] converts to [______] and launches preaching mission to the [______]

Answer 28

Ulfilas, Arianism, Goths

Question 29

356 — Death of [______]

Answer 29

Antony | context: sometimes referred to as "the Father of Monasticism"

Question 30

ca. 360 — [______] composes [______]

Answer 30

Athanasius, 'Life' of Antony

Question 31

ca. 361 — [______] establishes first [______] in [______]

Answer 31

Martin of Tours, monastery, Gaul

Question 32

374 — [______] becomes [______]

Answer 32

Ambrose, bishop of Milan

Question 33

380 – [______] establishes Christianity as the official religion of [______]

Answer 33

Edict of Thessalonica, the Roman Empire

Question 34

382 — [______] composes [______]

Answer 34

Jerome, Vulgate Bible

Question 35

387 — [______] baptized by [______]

Answer 35

Augustine, Ambrose

Question 36

395 — [______] becomes [______]

Answer 36

Augustine, bishop of Hippo