Magnification And Resolution

Question 1

What are Centrioles

Answer 1

Structures found in the cytoplasm made of mitrotubules that produce spindle fibres during mitosis

Question 2

What do Centrioles produce

Answer 2

Spindle fibres

Question 3

What are chloroplasts

Answer 3

Organelles found in plants and algae that are the site of photosynthesis

Question 4

What are cilia

Answer 4

Small hair like structures that project from the surface of cells

Question 5

What is a cytoskeleton

Answer 5

A mesh of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used for structural support and intercellular transport

Question 6

What’s a eukaryotic cell

Answer 6

A type of cell that contains a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles

Question 7

What is a Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that’s involved in the modification and packaging of proteins

Question 8

What are lysosomes

Answer 8

Membrane bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contains a digestive enzyme (lysozyme)

Question 9

What are mitochondrion

Answer 9

An organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for aerobic respiration and produce atp

Question 10

What’s the nuclear envelope

Answer 10

A double membrane surrounding the nucleus

Question 11

What’s the nucleolus

Answer 11

A structure found inside the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA and is involved in synthesising new ribosomes

Question 12

What’s the nucleus

Answer 12

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores genetic information

Question 13

What’s a prokaryotic cell

Answer 13

A type of cell that doesn’t contain any membrane bound organelles

Question 14

What are ribosomes

Answer 14

Organelles that can be found either free in the cytoplasm or membrane bound that involved in protein synthesis

Question 15

What’s the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 15

A membrane bound organelle involved in synthesis and packaging proteins

Question 16

What’s the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 16

A membrane bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis

Question 17

What’s magnification

Answer 17

How much bigger an image appears in comparison to the original object

Question 18

What’s the magnification formula

Answer 18

Image size= actual size x magnification or Magnification= image size/ actual size or Actual size= image size/ magnification

Question 19

What’s resolution

Answer 19

The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen

Question 20

What’s a scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Answer 20

A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen

Question 21

What’s a transition electron microscope (TEM)

Answer 21

A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons through a sample

Question 22

What’s the benefit of a microscope with high resolution

Answer 22

The higher the resolution the better it is able to separate objects that are close together and provide a clear and detailed image

Question 23

What factors determine the magnification of a microscope

Answer 23

The type of lens, the distance between the lens and object and the size of the eyepiece

Question 24

Other than the magnification formula what’s is another way to calculate the actual size of a sample

Answer 24

Using a stage micrometer and a eyepiece graticule
(For example, a stage micrometer has the division of 0.1mm, within the 0.1 division there are 40 divisions of the eyepiece graticule (this can range) you would then divide 0.1 by 40. 0.1/ 40= 0.0025 x 1000 = 25 micrometers )

Question 25

List some benefits of using a light microscope

Answer 25

It’s cheap to run, fast to use and can be used on both alive and dead samples

Question 26

List some negatives of using a light microscope

Answer 26

The image will only be presented as 2D, it has a low resolution (200 nanometers) and has a low magnification (1500x)

Question 27

List some benefits of the transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Answer 27

It has a high resolution (0.2nm) and a high magnification (500000x)

Question 28

List some negatives of using a TEM

Answer 28

It’s expensive, time consuming and can only use dead and thin samples

Question 29

List some benefits of the SEM

Answer 29

It has a high resolution (10nm) and a high magnification (100000x) and can view a sample in 3D

Question 30

List some negatives of the SEM

Answer 30

It’s expensive, time consuming and can only be used on dead samples

Question 31

Compare the TEM and SEM benefits and negatives

Answer 31

Both the TEM and SEM are expensive to use and are time consuming, both microscopes can only be used to view dead samples. However the SEM can be used on both thick or thin samples whereas the TEM can only be used to view thin samples. Both microscopes will also only produce a black and white image. The TEM however has a higher resolution (0.2nm) and a higher magnification (500000x) meaning it’s easier to distinguish between 2 close points while using the TEM while also being able to view them at a closer range. The SEM while stilling having a high resolution and magnification only has a resolution of 10nm and a magnification of 100000x meaning in comparison to the TEM it would be harder to distinguish between 2 points and you wouldn’t be able to view the sample as close up. Along with this the TEM can only produce a 2D image whereas the SEM can produce a 3D image.

Question 32

State 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 32

1. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles whereas prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound organelles
2. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus where as prokaryotic cells tend to have a free floating chromosome
3. Some eukaryotic cells have a capsule but eukaryotic cells do not.

Question 33

Do animal cells have a cell wall

Answer 33

No

Question 34

List 3 similarities between plant and animal cells

Answer 34

They both have a cell membrane, nucleus and ribosomes

Question 35

List 3 differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 35

Plant cells contain a vacuole, cell wall and chloroplasts