Maguire

Question 1

What was the primary aim of Maguire’s study?

Answer 1

To investigate the relationship between the hippocampus and spatial memory in London taxi drivers.

Question 2

What method did Maguire use to collect data?

Answer 2

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Question 3

True or False: Maguire’s study involved a control group of non-taxi drivers.

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

What specific area of the brain did Maguire focus on?

Answer 4

The hippocampus.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Maguire’s study was conducted in the city of ______.

Answer 5

London.

Question 6

What was a significant finding regarding the hippocampus in taxi drivers?

Answer 6

Taxi drivers had a larger posterior hippocampus compared to non-taxi drivers.

Question 7

Which group showed greater gray matter volume in the hippocampus?

Answer 7

London taxi drivers.

Question 8

What is the significance of the hippocampus in the context of Maguire’s study?

Answer 8

It is associated with spatial navigation and memory.

Question 9

Multiple Choice: What type of study design was used in Maguire’s research? A) Longitudinal B) Cross-sectional C) Case study

Answer 9

B) Cross-sectional.

Question 10

What hypothesis was tested in Maguire’s study?

Answer 10

The hypothesis that extensive navigation experience would lead to structural changes in the hippocampus.

Question 11

True or False: The study found that the hippocampus shrinks with increased navigation experience.

Answer 11

False.

Question 12

What does the term ‘neuroplasticity’ refer to in the context of Maguire’s findings?

Answer 12

The brain’s ability to change and adapt in response to experience.

Question 13

What was the sample size of the taxi drivers in Maguire’s study?

Answer 13

16 right-handed male taxi drivers.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The control group in Maguire’s study consisted of ______.

Answer 14

16 right-handed male non-taxi drivers.

Question 15

What does ‘structural MRI’ help to visualize?

Answer 15

The anatomy and structure of the brain.

Question 16

What role does the anterior hippocampus play according to Maguire’s findings?

Answer 16

It is associated with memory for novel environments.

Question 17

What conclusion did Maguire draw regarding the relationship between the hippocampus and experience?

Answer 17

Experience in spatial navigation can lead to structural changes in the hippocampus.

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which of the following was NOT a factor controlled for in the study? A) Age B) Gender C) Occupation

Answer 18

C) Occupation.

Question 19

True or False: Maguire’s study supports the idea that brain structure is fixed and cannot change.

Answer 19

False.

Question 20

What is the primary implication of Maguire’s research for understanding human cognition?

Answer 20

It suggests that experience can shape brain structure and function.

Question 21

What technique was used to analyze the MRI data in Maguire’s study?

Answer 21

Voxels.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: Maguire’s study contributes to the field of ______ psychology.

Answer 22

Cognitive.

Question 23

What does the term ‘spatial memory’ refer to?

Answer 23

The ability to remember the locations of objects and navigate through environments.

Question 24

What is one limitation of Maguire’s study?

Answer 24

The small sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings.

Question 25

What ethical consideration is important in MRI studies like Maguire's?

Answer 25

Informed consent from participants.

Question 26

True or False: Maguire's findings apply equally to all drivers regardless of experience.

Answer 26

False.

Question 27

What did Maguire suggest about the potential for training to alter brain structure?

Answer 27

Training and experience can lead to neuroplastic changes in the brain.

Question 28

What is the relevance of 'London taxi drivers' in the study?

Answer 28

They undergo extensive training in navigation, which is hypothesized to affect their hippocampal structure.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The study results were published in the journal ______.

Answer 29

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Question 30

What is a key feature of the London taxi driver training program?

Answer 30

The 'Knowledge' test, which requires memorization of thousands of streets and routes.

Question 31

Multiple Choice: Which brain imaging technique was NOT used in Maguire's study? A) fMRI B) Structural MRI C) PET

Answer 31

C) PET.

Question 32

What does 'hippocampal plasticity' mean in the context of Maguire's findings?

Answer 32

The ability of the hippocampus to change in response to learning and experience.

Question 33

What was the age range of participants in Maguire's study?

Answer 33

The taxi drivers were aged between 32 and 62 years.