Main Flashcards
(53 cards)
what is utilitarianism/consequentialism
greater Good, act is valued in terms of its consequences/effect
limits of utilitarianism/consequentialism
dies not look at effect on individual, minorities treated unfairly for happiness of many
not all acts may be permissable
what is deontology
carrying out your duty as a doctor
what is tomorrow docs/ duty of docs
deontological documents
disadvantage of deontology
duties can conflict
difficult to apply to certain situations
duties of a doctor
protect and promote health of patients and public
provide a good standard of practice and care
recognise and work within the limits of your competence
what is virtue ethics
focus on the character of the agent, deemphasizes rules
disadvantage of virtue ethics
assessment of virtue is culture-specific
notion of virtue is too broad to allow practical application
what is the stages of change model
pre-contemplarion contemplation preparation action maintenance relapse
why people smoke?
nicotine addiction
stress
socialising
fear of weight gain
help someone quit smoking?
NHS helpline
nicotine replacement therapy
pharmacological - champix
Public Health initiatives to stop smoking
smoking ban
increased taxation
screening programmes
AAA
breast cancer
antenatal and new born screening
Wilson and jugner screening criteria
must be an important health problem
natural history of condition must be known
cost effective
on going process and not on a one-off basis
test should be acceptable to population
should be an accepted treatment for the disease
most important thing to tell patient who is positive for screening
not diagnostic
PPV
BMI formula
weight (KG)/ height (m) 2
BMI ranges
<18.5 underweight 18.5 - 24.9 good weight 25 - 29.9 overweight 30 - 34.9 type 1 obese 35 - 39.9 type 2 obese 40 or more type 3 obese
physical factors causing obesity
tv remotes, driving, lifts instead of stairs
socio-cultural factors contributing to obesity
sugary drinks
longer working hours
americanisation of diet and society
economic factors contributing to obesity
greater income inequality and social inequality
expensive fruit and veg/ cheap junk foods
obesity lifestyle changes
smaller portion sizes
cost-conscious purchasing habits
walking instead of driving
less consumerist and less unequal
primary prevention
reduce or climate exposures and behaviours that are known to increase an individual’s risk of developing a disease
secondary prevention
to detect early disease and slow down or halt the progress of the disease
tertiary prevention
once disease is established, detectable and symptomatic, this aims to reduce the complications or severity of disease by offering appropriate treatments or interventions
