Main Events Cold War

Question 1

How did Stalin prevent Marshall aid from spreading and extending to Eastern Europe

Answer 1

Between 1947 to 49 the USSR spread its influence in Eastern Europe and created a buffer zone of satellite states. This was done through the Soviet Union taking advnatage of a countries economy and using communism in order to appeal and convince countries to join its cause.

Question 2

How did the USSR treat satellite states

Answer 2

Gave them little power - used strict rules and punishments e.g imprisonment

forced them to take orders about how to run their country- had to follow under Moscow’s rules used the single-party satellite state in order for this to happen

control maintained through fear- using brutal leadership and the army

ruthless police force and ensuring leaders obeyed orders from Moscow (KGB- secret police force)

Question 3

What is NATO

Answer 3

Set up in 1949

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is a security alliance of 30 countries from North America and Europe.

NATO’s fundamental goal is to safeguard the ‘Allies’ freedom and security by political and military means.

Question 4

Purpose of NATO

Answer 4

To protect themselves from communist countries such as China and USSR and to send them a message that they are against communism (USSR developed a bomb USA saw this as a threat)

Question 5

Purpose of warsaw pact

Answer 5

To fight back against NATO if they were to attack and to send them a message that they can fight back

Question 6

Why was West Germany joining NATO a threat

Answer 6

Powerful armed West Germany on the borders of the East (allies with Western Europe who were more armed with nuclear weapons, greater quality weaponary, thriving economy)

Question 7

Arms race timeline origins 1941 - 1956

Answer 7

1943 Tehran conference, 1945 Yalta confefence , 1945 Potsdam conference (3 conferences)

1945 USA dops A bomb on Japam

1946 Iron curtain speech

1947 Truman doc and marshall plan and Comniform

1948 Berlin blcokade

1949 Comecon, Nato, end of blockade due to airlift.

1953 Koren war, Khrushchev power

1955 wasaw pact

1956 hungarian uprising

Question 8

How would Khrushchev approach to the cold war given people hope.

What happened as a result

Answer 8

After Stalin died Khrushchev took over (1956).

‘Secret speeches’ against Stalin hinted to a relaxation of Soviet control.

Hungarian believed in a peaceful co-existence and possible solution to the cold war. As a result they attempted to start an uprising during the rule of Imre Nagy.

Question 9

What happened during Geneva meeting 1955

Answer 9

Discussed about disarmament , both sides knew that reducing spending on weapons would be positive even though they are on different sides they want to stop snd reduce conflict

Question 10

Causes of optimism that the war will end

Answer 10

Anti stalin speeches from Krushchev - shows that he is not a dictator like Stalin. This shows that there may be some hope in negotiating

End of Korean war 1953 - Soviet Union and USA no longer in confilct through joining forces with both South and North Korea

Both sides keen to spend less on weapons and Geneva meeting relatively friendly - this shows that peace can be established between the two countries and a possible attempt to end war

Question 11

Soviet rule on Hungary

Answer 11

Rakosi used terror and brutality to keep control such as purges, imprisonment and secret police

Failure of 5 year plan- led to mistrust and poverty throughout Hungary

Living standards falling in 1952 Hungary experienced lowest ever agricultural output ever

1956 poor harves and bread shortages resulted in Hungarians to demonstrate. As a result Imre Nagy appointed as PM to resolved the situation.

Question 12

Key featutes of marshall plan

Answer 12

Communism appealed to the poor and so USA bribed European countries to stay capitalist.

Countries have to trade to get money with the USA

USA gave $13 billion in Marshall aid to rebuild Europe.

Sixteen European countries had accepted aid

USSR criticises Marshall plan as an attack on them as it threatened Communist control

Question 13

Key features of truman doctrine

Answer 13

Countries had a choice to pick a side communism or capitalism

Communism was bad since it meant people werent free

USA had to stop communism from spreading

USA would provide troops and money for countries in to help free governments from communist takeover

Question 14

Effects of the battle between West and East Germany

Answer 14

Led to Berlin crisis / berlin wall

Berlin blockade and airlift

Question 15

What is the berlin airlift

Answer 15

The Berlin airlift was a 1940s military operation that supplied West Berlin with food and other vital goods by air after the Soviet Union blockaded the city.

The operation lasted from June 1948 until September 1949. (1000 tonnes everyday for 11 months , no casualties , Berlin survived , USSR evil , USA good.)

Question 16

Key features of comniform

(Communist Information Bureau)

Answer 16

Organised all Eastern European parties and arranged their leadership so they would do what the USSR told them

Got rid of opposition to USSR control in the satellite states

Encourages comunist parties to protest against Marshall aid

Question 17

Key features of comecon

(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)

Answer 17

USSR version of marshall plan

Made up of all satellite states

Built trade links between comecon countries

Prevented comecon countries receiving marshall aid

Question 18

What caused the berlin blockade

Answer 18

USA wanted Germany to become a strong capitalist country to trade

USSR wanted Germany to be divided so it can never attack the USSR

USA,UK and France made big decisions about their zones without consulting Stalin

Stalin felt like this went against Yalta and Potsdam conferences

Stalin viewed the creation of Deustchmark and trizonia (created in 1948) as the West ganging up on the Soviets and a way to drive them into poverty

Question 19

What was the Berlin blockade

Answer 19

June 1948 Stalin shut off land routes across Soviet-Germany to Berlin to show a divided country didn’t work. As a result this blocked all supplies into Berlin.

Question 20

What did the Berlin blockade achieve and effects of Berlin blockade

Answer 20

Made USA look peaceful and generous

USSR made to look evil

Blockade made it so Trizonia couldn’t communciate with Berlin and also cutted off land routes so supplies couldn’t be delivered. If this worked Stalin would have gained huge propaganda success in expense of the West

Question 21

Reasons for Hungary demonstrations

Answer 21

Declining living standards declining but the Soviet Union said positive things about them

State spending on arms and lying to public

Toppled Stalin statue caused by the Hungarian uprising represents that they are against communism

No freedom, strict rules,censorship of media

Question 22

What did the death of stalin cause

Answer 22

Eventually replaced by Khrushchev – de-Stalinisation, criticises Stalin’s policies. Talks of “peaceful co-existence” leads to hope for better relations. Appears less hard-line than Stalin

Question 23

What happened in the Korean war (1950-3) and what did it show

Answer 23

US sent troops to help South Korea fight against Communist north.

Shows that the US are willing to fight communism. Clear sign to USSR that capitalism dislikes them

Question 24

What happened during the Hungarian revolution

Answer 24

Hungarian Revolution – Khrushchev feared Nagy’s reforms would encourage other satellite states to do the same.

Nov 1956- 200,000 Soviet troops enter Hungary to despose of Nagy and restore order

Question 25

Causes of Hungarian uprising

Answer 25

Causes: 1) De-Stalinisation and Khrushchev’s ‘Secret Speech’ gave Hungarians hope that there would be reform in Hungary. 2) Matyas Rakosi was a cruel leader, imprisoning 387,000 people, killing 2000 leading to demonstration within Hungary 3) Imre Nagy appointed as PM after demonstration. He created reforms to leave the Warsaw pact

Question 26

Key feature of Hungarian uprising

Answer 26

Key features: 1) Khrushchev made Imre Nagy Prime Minister 2) Nagy then announced he wanted to leave the Warsaw Pact 3) this led to Khrushchev sending in 35,000 troops and 1,000 tanks.

Question 27

Consequences of Hungarian uprising

Answer 27

Consequences: Hungary remained Communist and Nagy was executed as an example to other communist countries that they could not leave the Warsaw pact. The USA condemned the invasion but by failing to support Nagy they showed that their commitment to Europe did not include military support. Consequently, other countries were discouraged from trying to leave Communism. 5000 Hungarians killed and 1000 Soviet troops dead - (35,000 troops and 1000 tanks invaded) New leader Janos Kadar appointed who introduced the Fifteen Point Programme to restore communist rule. Althoug, their living standards who better than some other East European countries

Question 28

What was Stalin's motives behind the Berlin blockcade

Answer 28

He wanted to proove that a divided Germany didn't work And gambled to see if the USA would give up If they did he woukd gain huge propaganda success in expense of the West

Question 29

What is Comecon

Answer 29

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance aimed to co-ordinate Eastern European economies – Stalin’s answer to Marshall Plan

Question 30

What did the creation of both military alliances cause

Answer 30

worsened relations further, increased division

Question 31

What happened between the period 1980-84

Answer 31

The USA boycotted the 1980 Olympic Games, which were held in Moscow. 60 other countries joined the US boycott. (The Soviet Union and 14 communist countries responded by boycotting the Los Angeles Olympic Games four years later)

Question 32

What did the boycott (1980-84) achieve

Answer 32

It made increased tension between both countries Both countries gained less income Moscow made to look bad on TV as there isn't many competitors or audience from different parts if the world joining (embarrasing for Soviet Union)

Question 33

Berlin Wall/Berlin Crisis: Effects

Answer 33

It stopped East Germans escaping to the West and ended the refugee crisis It allowed Khrushchev to avoid war with the USA but still look strong The wall became a powerful symbol of the division of Germany and the division of Europe. After Kennedy’s speech in 1963, West Berlin became a symbol of freedom. Many people in Berlin died trying to escape from the East to the West (200 died)

Question 34

Berlin Wall/Berlin Crisis: Causes

Answer 34

The failure to come up with a long-term solution after the Berlin Blockade meant that inevitably tensions would continue over what to do with Berlin. USSR was losing the Arms Race so couldn’t use force to threaten USA. Prevented East Berliners from spending money, working and viewing propaganda in the West. Prevented the ‘Brain Drain’ of well-educated professionals from defecting to the West Prevented people ‘spying’ on East Berlin Khrushchev thought it would give him the ‘upper-hand’ in East-West relations.

Question 35

Why did the Berlin wall fall

Answer 35

Schabowski on November 1989 improvised a slightly mistaken answer to a press conference question about the future of the Berlin Wall. Leading to many East Berliners to flock towards the wall and pass through. Many of the guards around the wall were confused but were ordered to open the gates and let them through. It was a celebratory moment for both sides and many people celebrated ontop and around the wall. The Berlin Wall came down on the evening of November 9, 1989

Question 36

Cold war crisis 1958-68

Answer 36

1958 Khrush demands West tropps to leave W berlin 1959-60 Geneva, camp david and paris 1960 -kennedy President 1961 Bay od pigs and vienna and berlin wall built 1962 13 days of crisis 1963 hotline set up and assassination of Kennedy 1964 Brezhenev takenpower 1967 outer space treaty 1968 Dubcek leader , prague spring , start of Détente

Question 37

Cold war end 1972-91

Answer 37

1972 Salt 1 1975 helsinki ,apollo- soyuz mission 1979 invasion of afghanistan 1980 Us boycott Moscow, second cold war 1981 regan president 1983 Evil empire , SDI 1984 USSR boycott LA 1985 Gornachev comes to power, Geneva 1986 Reykjavik summit 1987 INF 1989 fall of berlin wakl 1991 dissolution if communism

Question 38

Why did the Britain,USA and Soviet Union work together

Answer 38

They were members of the grand Alliance (created 1941) which worked together to defeat Nazi Germany

Question 39

When was the Tehran conference

Answer 39

Novemer-December 1943

Question 40

When was the Yalta conference

Answer 40

Febuary 1945

Question 41

When was the Potsdam conference

Answer 41

July-August 1945

Question 42

Positives of the Tehran conference

Answer 42

USA and Britain agreed to open up a second front by invading Nazi-occupied Europe Soviet declared war on Japan once Germany was defeated International body was agreed to be set up (UN)

Question 43

Negatives of the Tehran conference

Answer 43

Poland would gain territory from Germany and lose it to the Soviet Union

Question 44

Positives of the yalta conference

Answer 44

Germany, when defeated would be reduce,divided and demilitarised and pay for reparations. Europe rebuilt along Atlantic charter (countries would have democratic elections) United Nations set up Soviet would declare war on Japan after Germany was defeated Poland would be within Soviet sphere of influence. However, have a broader democratic basis.

Question 45

Negatives of the yalta conference

Answer 45

Britain and USA wanted Germany to recover whereas the USSR wanted Germany to be kept weak Britain and USA feared Poland would be controlled by USSR USSR wanted Germany to pay high reparations whereas Britain and USA disagreed

Question 46

Positives of the Potsdam conference

Answer 46

Council of Foreign Ministers set up to organise rebuilding Europe and created peace between many countries Nazi party banned and war criminals prosecuted Germany split into 4 (run by Britain,France,USA and Soviet Union) - Berlin divided into zones of occupation

Question 47

Negatives of the Potsdam conference

Answer 47

Soviet Union would only received 25% output from the other three occupied zones

Question 48

What was the overall outcome of the conferences

Answer 48

Britain, USA and Soviet Union were able to work together to defeat Germany (surrendered May 1945). Tension between allies inceased as differences emerged over the future of Germany. Furthermore, the death of Roosevelt has led Truman to become president leading to mistrust between the USA and Soviet Union. As he pushed him around during the Potsdam conference thanks to the saftey of the atomic bomb. Additionally, after the war Britain had become economically exhausted. As a result it had to ally with the USA for economic aid. Therefore increasing tension within the Cold War

Question 49

Capitalism ideology of communism Ideology of capitalism

Answer 49

Communism enslaved people to the state (corrupt) Ideology of capitalism: Everyone should be free to make money for themselves Individuals are better at deciding what to make/sell than the state Trade between countries increase profit

Question 50

Communist ideology of capitalism Ideology of communism

Answer 50

Capitalism is exploitative and made the richer even richer Ideology of communism: Communism is fair Working together for thr same aim is stronger than individuals State should control the economy and run it as it is beneficial

Question 51

When was the long telegram created What was it

Answer 51

1946 What was it: Secret report from US ambassador to Truman. It said that the Soviet saw capitalism as a threat to be destroyed The soviet Union was increasing its military power Peace between the two was not possible

Question 52

When was the Novikov telegram created What was it

Answer 52

1946 Soviet ambassador told Stalin that the USA wanted world domination and built up its military strength Soviet Union was the only country left to stand up against the USA USA was preparing for war against the Soviet Union

Question 53

What happened to free election eithin the Soviet Union and its satellite states

Answer 53

At Potsdam and Yalta the Soviets agreed to have free elections. However, elections were fixed for the Communist party to win and non-communists were removed. As a result the countries became a single-party state

Question 54

What were the impacts of Soviet occupation in Eastern Europe on the relayion between the two superpowers

Answer 54

USA: USA saw the takeover of Eastern Europe as a betryal of the Yalta conference. USA determined to stop communism from spreading 'policy of containment' through the marshall plan and Truman Doctrine. Eastern Europe was a stepping stone for Soviet takeover of the West Soviet Union: US reponse was uncessary sand unreasonable.

Question 55

What were Truman's concerns of the Soviet expanse and growth

Answer 55

Europe may become communist after the war due to its economic exhaustion. In many other countries people were hopeless. As a result they may embrace communism. Many in Eastern Europe had been liberated by Nazi rule. As a result this may create trust between them. Poland,Roman and Bulgarai had communism governments forced upon them. Truman feared this may happen more. Countries too poor to rebel against communism Domino theory may occur within Europe if Greece and Turkey became communist.

Question 56

When was both the Truman Doctrin and Marshall plan created

Answer 56

Truman Doctrine: 1947 Marshall plan: 1947

Question 57

When was both Comiform and Comecon created

Answer 57

Comniform: 1947 Comecon: 1949

Question 58

Consequences of Truman Doctrine and Marshall plan , Comniform and Comecon

Answer 58

West Europe within one camp linked to the USA through the Marshall plan and 'policy of containment of communism' Eastern Europe within one camp. It was tied to the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union believed socialist revolution would spread worldwide. As a result of the divided ideologies of the countries. The line which divided these two became known as the Iron Curtain

Question 59

What is the warsaw pact

Answer 59

Warsaw Pact was a collective defence treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe. To go against NATO if they attacked.

Question 60

Significance of NATO

Answer 60

After the Berlin blockade and the Soviet Union's development of an atomic bomb neither the USA nor West European government were prepare to accept Soviet aggression Soviet Union strengthened control over the East in 1955 (Warsaw pact) Two military alliances now formed

Question 61

USA's aims with Germany

Answer 61

Creation of Bizonia (USA and Britain formed as one). Later on, the French zone of occupation was added to form West Germany. This was done to divide Germany to prevent spread of communism and encourage trade

Question 62

Consequences of West Germany being created

Answer 62

Stalin thought that West Germany went against the agreements made at Potsdam. He suspected the USA attempted to divide rich and poor Germany.

Question 63

Consequences of West Germany being created

Answer 63

Stalin thought that West Germany went against the agreements made at Potsdam. He suspected the USA attempted to divide rich and poor Germany.

Question 64

Soviet Union aims with Germany

Answer 64

Soviet Union wanted to keep Germany weak and communist so it would never be able to attack the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had 1.5 million troops in its zones. Eastern Germany gew almost all the food West Germany ate. Stalin aimed to keep East Germany poor

Question 65

What happened within the divided Germany's after the Berlin airlift

Answer 65

West Germany: Made the USA appear peaceful and generous April 1949 NATO formed Sep 1949 West Germany Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) formed East Germany: Made the Soviet seemed aggressive Oct 1949 East Germany German Democratic Republic (GDR) formed May 1955 warsaw pact formed

Question 66

Significance of nuclear arms race

Answer 66

Up to 1949 USA thought it could use its monoply of nuclear weapons to deter Soviet attack. The best strategy against the Soviet's was nuclear weapons. Theory of MAD evolved as nuclear weapons had developed. (Mid-1950's) Both USA and Soviet Union had to find ways of stopping disputes before nuclear destruction.

Question 67

What is the warsaw pact

Answer 67

Set up on May 1955 Collective defence treaty involving Soviet Union and its satellite states

Question 68

Significance of warsaw pact

Answer 68

Two opposing alliances in Europe Both alliances planned to use military action of nuclear and conventional warfare Warsaw pact strengthened its grip upon Eastern Europe (direct control over forces)

Question 69

Main reason for the Invasion of Hungary

Answer 69

Nagy's reforms: Leave the warsaw pact and become a neutral country Hold free elections UN protection from Soviet Union Khrushchev feared that this would cause a domino theory with other satellite states if Hungary managedd to leave.

Question 70

Reactions to the Soviet Invasion of Hungary

Answer 70

UN condemmed the actions of Soviets. Some countries boycotted the 1956 Moscow olympics. USA supported Hungary's uprising with money,aid and words but no military support. As a result satellite states saw that the USA was unable to defend them. Soviet controll tightened across the East

Question 71

Significance of West Berlin

Answer 71

West Berlin was deep inside Soviet-controlled East Germany. As a result this gave the USA a foothold against the Soviet Eastern bloc. Germans did not like the communist government. Furthermore, there were more opportunities within West Berlin. As a result USA increased in popularity as people travelled towards the West.

Question 72

When/What was the refugee problem in Berlin Consequences of the refugee problem

Answer 72

1949-1961 2.7 million East Germans crossed from the East to the West. East Germany had a shortage of skills 'brain drain' whereas the West benefitted from its popularity and influx of skilled workers. As a result the Soviet Union's image looked bad whereas the USA seemed good and benfitted through propaganda

Question 73

when/what was Khrushchev Berlin Ulitmatum

Answer 73

Nov 1958 Stated that all Berlin belonged to the East and all occupying troope must leave in six months. The Soviet Union was unable to win through force (shortage of nuclear weapons). As a result a series of summit meeting took place

Question 74

When was the Camp David summit

Answer 74

Sept 1959

Question 75

When was the Paris summit

Answer 75

May 1960

Question 76

When was the Vienna conference

Answer 76

June 1961

Question 77

Outcome of Geneva Summit

Answer 77

No solution agreed but a further summit otganised for Camp David in the USA

Question 78

Outcome of Camp David Summit

Answer 78

No solution agreed but a further summit otganised for Camp David in Paris

Question 79

Outcome of Paris Summit

Answer 79

Khrushchev stormed out because the Soviet Union had shot down a USA spy plane over Russia.

Question 80

When was the Geneva Summit

Answer 80

May 1959

Question 81

When was the Geneva Summit

Answer 81

May 1959

Question 82

Outcome of Vienna conference

Answer 82

Neither willing to back down. Khrushchev saw Kennedy inexperience and reissued the ultimatum.

Question 83

Outcome of Vienna conference

Answer 83

Neither willing to back down. Khrushchev saw Kennedy inexperience and reissued the ultimatum.

Question 84

When was the Berlin wall built and finished

Answer 84

Built on-August 1961 Finished on - October 1961

Question 85

What was the importance of Kennedy's vist to Berlin When did Kennedy visit West Berlin

Answer 85

1963 He claimed Ich bin ein Berliner (I am a Berliner). His speech was an expression of solidarity with the people of West Berlin. This showed that the USA and NATO were prepared to defend West Berlin.

Question 86

What is détente

Answer 86

Period of relaxation and tension between the two rivals.

Question 87

When was détente

Answer 87

1970

Question 88

What/when is Salt 1

Answer 88

1972 (Strategic Arms Limitation Strategy) - superpowers agreed to limit nuclear weapons. No further production of strategic ballisti missiles No increase in ICBMs No nuclear missile launchers Only two ABM deployment areas (Anti-Ballistic missile treaty)

Question 89

How effective was Salt 1

Answer 89

Slowed down the arms race by placing limits on bomber and ICBMs Led to further negotiations (Salt 2 1979) Neither side had a decisive advantage in stategic nuclear weapons. Did not cover intermediate nuclear weapons, which both sides deploy

Question 90

When/what was the Helsinki conference.

Answer 90

1975 All European countries agreed on security issues,cooperation,human rights and borders.

Question 91

Importance/limitations of Helsinki conferences

Answer 91

Importance: Security- no country to interfere in the internal affairs of another country Cooperation- USA agreed to buy oil from the Soviet Union and they bought wheat from the USA All dispute settled through UN Sharing of scientific findings Human right- Countries should respect human rights, freedom of speech,religion,movement and information. Borders- East and West Germany accepted each other Limitations: Soviet Union continued to apply Brezhnev doctrine. USA continued to use its power to influence countries like Chile and El Salvador

Question 92

What is Salt 2

Answer 92

Arms control management that marked the end of détente. The treaty was never ratified due to Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan (1979) They were based on Vladivostok Accords (1974) and was signed during Vienna. Each superpower had a limit of 2250 warheads and imposed limits on new launch systems.

Question 93

Why did Salt 2 fail

Answer 93

West German politicians opposed the treat, they feared it would decrease saftey of West Germany (2400 limit to nuclear delivery vehicles) US politicians believed too many concessions were created to the Soviet Union US-Soviet relation soured after 1979 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Question 94

How succesful was Salt 1 and Salt 2

Answer 94

Arms control agreement had only set out s limit of the number of warheads/missiles ceach country had. Although thid created a system where neither side could destroy the other (nuclear deterrence)

Question 95

What did Ronald Reagan do

Answer 95

He described the Soviet Union as an 'Evil Empire'- this was not diplomatic-1983 He kick-started the arms race again US technology developed fast in the 1980s USA poured money into developing new missile technology

Question 96

What crisis occurrd in the Soviet Union during 1985

Answer 96

Economy was poor,too much arms spending Living standards very low Did not have the US computing expertise Could not keep up with the USA's new missile technology

Question 97

What happened during Geneva 1985

Answer 97

Both Reagan and Gorbachev got on well and agreed to more meetings

Question 98

What had changed in Reagan's change of heart

Answer 98

Public opinion against the arms race Gorbachev was popular in West Europe and United States Reagan liked Gorbachev and was prepared to improve US-Sovuet relations.

Question 99

What was the significsance of the changing attitudes of the leaders (Reagan and Gorbachev)

Answer 99

Represented an easing of the Cold War tension Led to greater cooperation between the two Led to arms control agreements, the INF Treaty and START 1

Question 100

What happened during the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 100

Soviet Union saw Afghanistan as in it sphere of influence. This meant that President Taraki's government had to be communist. When President Taraki was assassinated during civil war and replaced by Hafizulla Amin, Soviet Union influence was theatened in Afghanistan Brezhnev ordered an invasion (1979) Babfaj Karmal was made president. Amin and many others killed. USA intervened along with thr Mujahideen.

Question 101

Why was Carter worried of the Invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 101

USA feared Soviet Union would gain control Possible Soviet influence over Iran. As a result msy block Middle East oil to the USA.

Question 102

What was the Carter Doctrine

Answer 102

A police that: Threatened to use force if the Soviet attempted to take control of the Persian Gulf No longer impose economic sanction to support the Soviet Union USA and allies would secretly support the Mujahideen USA confronted against communism.

Question 103

When was the Carter Doctrine

Answer 103

January 1980

Question 104

What happened after the end of SALT 2

Answer 104

1980 USA broke off diplomatic relation with Soviet Union, US senste refused to sign SALT 2. USA developed conventional and nuclear weapons whereas the Soviets also developed medium range weapons. The US-Soviet arms race developed.

Question 105

What happened during the 1980 Olympic games

Answer 105

In 1980 the USA boycotted the Olympic games in Moscow in retaliation against the invasion of Afghanistan.

Question 106

consequences of 1980 Olympic games

Answer 106

Soviet Union boycotted the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic games. As a result this brought an end to the cooperation and sporting competitipn between the two countries Moscow boycott- embrassed the Soviet Union as a select few countries attended on such a widespread event.

Question 107

Consequences of Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 107

USA: Persuaded that the Soviet Union are mistrustful Supported the lead to the election of president Reagan (1980) anti-communist Soviet Union: Soviet troops remained in Afghanistan to keep Barbrak Karmal in power Mujahideen attacked repeatedly increasing pressure to end the war

Question 108

United States position during the Second World War

Answer 108

Recovered after its defeat in the Vietnam war- failed to stop communism Developing information technollogy Determined to stop communism Prepared to fund anti-communist forces in Central America and South Africa

Question 109

Soviet Union's position during the Second World War

Answer 109

Declining with poor living standards Aeging leadership and aeging technology in an economy 20% of the US's. Struggled to deal with anti-communist protests.

Question 110

What caused the US-Soviet relation to deteriorate after Détente

Answer 110

1980-1984 boycotts Election of Reagan Increased military expenditure and SDI Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Break down of Salt 2

Question 111

When was SDI created

Answer 111

March 1983

Question 112

What was SDI

Answer 112

Satellite,mirrors and lasers in space which would destroy Soviet inter-continental missiles

Question 113

Impacts of SDI

Answer 113

Soviet Union argued it broke the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and gave the USA an advanatge

Question 114

When did the Berlin wall fall

Answer 114

November 1989

Question 115

Significance of the Fall of the Berlin Wall for Germany

Answer 115

German reunification: East Germany ceased to exist and became part of a united Germany in 1990. Soviet Unipn withdrew troops from East Germany. Allied troops remained within West Germany.

Question 116

Significance of the Fall of the Berlin Wall for superpower relations

Answer 116

End of the Warsaw pact July 1991 Withdrawl of Soviet troops from 1990 onwards NATO continued and accepted members of the Warsaw pact Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START 1) reduced nuclear warheads (1991) Conventional forces in Europe set limit of non-nuclear forces in Europe (1990)