Main Group Memorization Flashcards
Hydrogen
nonmetal
-colorless, odorless, tasteless
- escapes earths atmosphere easily
- liquid at 20K
- very abundant (89%)
- low london dispersion forces
Beryllium
- small and hard
- high Ionization Energy
- high MP
- unreactive towards air and water
- perpendicular planes
calcium
- can become acidic
- hardwater, chalk, sand, gravel, limestone, etc
Barium
-opaque to x-rays
Isocagens (group 13)
- common ox states: +1 and +3 (inert pair effect)
- relatively soft
- good conductors and relatively reactive
- forms dimers
Aluminum (group 13)
forms jems!!
-most abundant metal in earths crust
- great reducing agent
-strong light metal
Tin
+2, +4 = common ox states
- alloys (solders, pewter, wining, storing food)
Lead (Pb)
+2, +4 = common ox states
- Batteries (storage - lead acid), ammo, pipes
- poisonous (lead poisoning)
helium
- escapes earths atmosphere easy (very light)
- good dilutent
- very fluid (moves quickly)
neon
-interesting colors under light
- odorless, colorless
argon
- 3rd most common element in air
- radioactive dating, welding
krypton
- product of fission
- used to measure nuclear activity
xenon
- lamps
- can be reactive (easily oxidized)
halogens
- “X”
- diatomic in natural state
- oxyacids = halogens bonded to oxygen
(mixed halogens, polyhalides, teflon, CFC, and PVC)
Oxygen
-ozone (O3)
-Oxides (-2 (normal), -1 (peroxides), -1/2(superoxides))
sulfur
- yellow and stinky
- lots of allotropes
- hair (s-s bonds)
- rotting eggs, skunks, warfare
Nitrogen
-2nd high bond dissociation energy
- used for inertness (displaces oxygen)
- decompose exothermically and fast
- large volume expansion
- TNT, fertilizer, laughing gas
Phosphorus
- 3 allotropes (black, white, and red)
- +3, +5 = common ox states
- forms oxides in oxygen
- oxides for acids in water
- biological compounds (ATP + ADP) and fertilizer
Carbon
strong bonds
- cyclin/acyclic structure
- single or multiple bonds
- allotropes (graphite, diamond (most hard), buckninisterfullerness
silicon
- main component in geology
- found in glass
- si-si bond
- component of dust and sand
Geranium
- Ge +Si = used in semiconductor industry
- common ox: +2, +4
- similar to Sn and Si
Boron
+ 3 = common ox state
diborane (dimer)
- behaves more like silicon than aluminum.
- hard, brittle, not very reactive
- dopant in semiconductor industry
