Main Ideas

Question 1

What did Brazelton suggest

Answer 1

That the basic rhythm of interactional synchrony and reciprocity are the bases for later communication

Question 2

What did meltzoff and Moore study

Answer 2

Interactional synchrony
- 2 - 3 week on babies
- used an adult model who displayed facial expressions and hand gestures in a sequence (a dummy was in their mouth to prevent any response)
- found that there was an association between the infant behaviour and adult model
- later found in 3 day old - the fact that they’re so young ruled out that the imitation behaviours were learned - must be innate

Question 3

What the Meltzoff and Moore suggest after

Answer 3

That the imitation was intentional

Question 4

What did Jean Piaget suggest

Answer 4

That only true imitation came towards the end of the first year. Anything before was a form of operant conditioning - the baby makes and action and is rewarded in praise or affection

Question 5

What did Murray and Trevarthen study

Answer 5

• support for meltzoff and Moore
• two month old interacts over video with mother over call
• in next section the mother is a recording - doesn’t respond
• baby showed distress
• shows that infants are actively eliciting a repose.
• this shows that the infant is active and intentional

Question 6

What are the 4 stages of attachment

Answer 6

1. Asocial
2. Pre social
3. Specific attachment
4. Multiple attachments

Question 7

Who proposed the 4 stages of attachemnt

Answer 7

Schaffer and Emerson

Question 8

Describe the Asocial stage

Answer 8

0-2 months
Similar responses to all objects and people
Beginning to show preference for social stimuli
Reciprocity and interactional synchrony play roles in establishing relationships

Question 9

Describe the Presocial stage

Answer 9

2 months
Prefer human company
Do not show stranger anxiety

Question 10

Describe the specific attachment stage

Answer 10

Formed their primary attachment figure
Shows separation anxiety
65% of children’s PAF was their mother
3% Father
Further 30% who had their mother, the mother was also the first join object

Question 11

Describe the multiple attachment stage

Answer 11

Around 8-10 months
Multiple attachments can be formed
Within 1 month 29% had multiple attachments after 6 months 78%

Question 12

what did lamb study

Answer 12

Lamb found that there was little relationship between father accessibility and infant-father attachment

Question 13

what did Lorenz study

Answer 13

The effects of infant imprinting by using goslings

Question 14

what was Lorenz’s study procedure

Answer 14

took a clutch of gosling eggs and divided then in 2. One group was left with the natural mother and the other group in incubator so the first moving object they saw was Lorenz.

Question 15

what were Lorenz’s findings

Answer 15

The group left with the mother imprinted onto her and would follow her around while the group left with Lorenz imprinted onto him and would follow him around.

Question 16

What were the long lasting effects on the goslings

Answer 16

The process of imprinting is irreversible and long lasting. Also in later life the geese chose mating partners who resembled the object in which they imprinted onto.