Main Ideas Flashcards

Question

What does the episodic buffer do ?

Answer 1

The episodic buffer is an extra storage system that integrates information from the central executive, phonological loop and the Visio special sketch pad into an episode - maintains chronology and then sends information to the ltm

Answer 2

McGeoch and McDonald - test the similarity of materials. Gave participants list of 10 adjectives (A) and once learned, after a during a 10 min interval learned list B. If B was synonyms of A then recall was poor (12%) if B was numbers then recall was better (37%). Interference is strongest with similar material

Answer 3

Baddeley and hitch rugby players study

Answer 4

Tulving and thompson

Answer 5

The idea that memory is better if information during memorisation is also present during retreival

Answer 6

Tulving and Pearlstone - participants had to memorise 48 words belonging to 12 catagories. each word was presented with its catagory, eg 'orange...fruit'. when tested for free recall the recall was 40% but when cued-recall (naming the catagory) then recall was 60%

Answer 7

when you are more likely to forget somthing due to being in a different context to when it was learned

Answer 8

abernathy - arranged for students to be tested before a course began. they were then tested each week. Some by the same teacher and same room, same teacher different room, different teacher same room, and different teacher different room. Those who had the same teacher and same room performed best. Superior students were also least effected and the opposite for inferior students

Answer 9

the idea that one is more likely to remember something if they are in the same state when recalling - drunk vs sober

Answer 10

goodwin et al - asked male participants to remember words when either drunk or sober. (when drunk 3x the UK driving limit). the results were that the recall from both sides was better when in the same state when the word lists were memories

Answer 11

misleading information - leading questions and post-event discussions

Answer 12

Loftus and palmer

Answer 13

exp 1 : 45 students were shown videos of traffic accidents and then were given a questionnaire to describe the accident. The critical question was 'How fast did the cars hit each other' but the verb would be changed to different levels of intensity which might change the answer that the participants give. the students who got the verb smashed answered 40.8 mph while the students who got contacted answered 31.8 mph furthermore, they did a leading study where they were shown the video and asked the speed then a week later they came back and were asked if they saw broken glass. those who got the high intensity verbs answered yes and those who got the lower intensity verbs said no

Answer 14

the conformity effect

Answer 15

When the group reaches a general consensus about the events that happened even if some members of the group may not have seen parts that others saw.

Answer 16

Gabbert et al : participants were paired up and watched different videos on the same event so they saw the same thing but with slight differences. some pairs were encouraged to discuss before individually recalling the event. out of the pairs who had a discussion 71% mistakenly recalled the event.

Answer 17

interviewer comments may become incorporated into the recalling of events

Answer 18

memory and general cognitive tasks are negativly effected by anxiety and stress

Answer 19

Johnson and scott

Answer 20

looked into the Weapon Focus Effect had participants sit in a waiting room where they would hear an argument in the other room and a man would run through the room carrying a weapon the weapon would range from a pen to a knife covered in blood and the participants were later asked to identify the man from photos. in the pen condition the correct identification was 49% and with the 33% with the knife. This is due to the weapon focus effect where if a weapon is seen theyre more drawn to that than other details such as the looks of the person.

Answer 21

the alternative point could be that anxiety/high arousal creates more enduring memories.

Answer 22

Christianson and hubinette

Answer 23

they got 58 real witnesses from a bank robbery in Sweden - the bank teller (high arousal) and the bystanders (low arousal) they conducted interviews 4-15 months after the robbery. they found that the victims with high arousal had good recollection of events (75% <) showing anxiety may not reduce accuracy in memory recollection

Answer 24

The observation that arousal has negative effects on memory when very low or very high. However moderate levels of arousal are beneficial to memory.

Answer 25

1. Mental reinstatement of original context - mentally recreating both the physical and psychological environment of the original context 2. report everything - report every single detail of the events without leaving anything out. Memories are interconnected and may act as cues for each other 3. change the order - changing the order of the events may help recall events due to our schemas. Our schemas influence our recollection of memories and changing the order could remove them 4. change perspective - recalling the events from different perspectives may do the same that changing the order does - removes schemas.

Main Ideas Flashcards

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