Main perspectives on globilsation Flashcards
(44 cards)
What is the central belief of hyperglobalisers about globalisation?
Hyperglobalisers argue that globalisation is a transformative force reshaping the world into a highly interconnected global system, where nation-states are becoming less relevant and global cooperation is necessary to address economic and political challenges.
According to hyperglobalisers, what factors are reducing the power of nation-states?
Technological advancements, expansion of global markets, and the growing influence of multinational corporations (MNCs) are all contributing to the decline of the nation-state.
How do hyperglobalisers view economic globalisation?
They believe economic globalisation is eroding traditional national borders and creating a global marketplace where capital, goods, and information flow freely across regions.
What role do hyperglobalisers assign to global institutions?
Hyperglobalisers argue that global institutions are increasingly important, as they help manage global challenges that transcend national borders, such as climate change and financial instability.
What are some benefits of globalisation according to hyperglobalisers?
They argue that globalisation can lift millions out of poverty, promote democracy, and facilitate the spread of knowledge and technology, contributing to global progress.
Which international organisation do hyperglobalisers often cite to support their view?
The European Union (EU) is frequently used as a case study by hyperglobalisers.
Why do hyperglobalisers use the European Union (EU) as a case study?
They see the EU as evidence of how globalisation transforms national economies and politics, through integrated markets, free movement of goods and people, and supranational governance structures.
How does the EU demonstrate reduced relevance of nation-states, according to hyperglobalisers?
The EU’s supranational institutions, such as the European Commission and European Central Bank, handle many economic and political issues, reducing individual member states’ control and demonstrating the shift towards global governance.
What do globalisation sceptics believe about the impact of globalisation?
They believe that globalisation has worsened divisions between countries and failed to create a more cooperative, interconnected world.
According to sceptics, what is overstated by hyperglobalisers?
The decline of the nation-state is overstated; countries still prioritise sovereignty and self-interest over global cooperation.
How do sceptics view the historical significance of globalisation?
They argue that globalisation is not new or transformative but a continuation of long-standing patterns of international trade and interaction.
Why do sceptics reject hyperglobalisers’ claims?
They believe that global politics hasn’t fundamentally changed and that domestic political dynamics are still the most dominant forces in global affairs.
What do sceptics argue about the role of nation-states?
Nation-states remain the key actors in global politics, maintaining control over trade, borders, and immigration.
What is the sceptics’ view of global institutions like the UN and WTO?
Sceptics argue that these institutions have little real power and are primarily used by powerful countries to further their own national interests.
How do sceptics argue that borders are still important?
They point out that states continue to use trade barriers and immigration controls, showing that borders are still highly relevant.
What case study supports the sceptics’ view of nation-state power?
The US-China Trade War, starting in 2018 and again in 2025.
How does the US-China Trade War support the sceptics’ argument?
It shows that even economically integrated countries can prioritize national interests over global cooperation, and that international institutions have little ability to prevent such conflicts.
What does the US-China Trade War reveal about sovereignty and global cooperation?
It reveals that states prioritize protecting domestic industries and sovereignty, rather than working towards global cooperation, reinforcing sceptics’ views.
What do transformationalists believe about globalisation?
Transformationalists believe globalisation is a powerful force reshaping societies and economies, but it does not make the nation-state irrelevant. Instead, they argue that globalisation transforms global politics and economics in complex ways, with states adapting and retaining sovereignty.
How do transformationalists view the impact of globalisation on nation-states?
They argue that globalisation changes the role of nation-states rather than eliminating their power. While some states may experience reduced sovereignty, others adapt effectively and even thrive by navigating global interconnectedness.
Why do transformationalists see globalisation as uneven?
Because its effects vary across regions and sectors. Some states are impacted more significantly than others, and the process is not uniform—globalisation can empower some countries while challenging others.
How do strong states like the US and China fit into the transformationalist perspective?
Strong states with large economies can use the interconnected global economy and international institutions to their advantage. Rather than losing power, they exploit global systems to increase their influence.
What role do non-state actors play in the transformationalist view?
Non-state actors such as Multinational Corporations (MNCs), Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs), and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are key partners for states. Governments must collaborate with them to respond to transnational challenges.
Why do transformationalists believe collaboration with non-state actors is necessary?
Because global issues like climate change, international trade regulation, and global security cannot be solved by states acting alone. Collaborative, multilevel governance is needed to address these complex problems.
