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main points Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

types of intraoral views

A
  • bitewings
  • periapicals
  • occlusals
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2
Q
A
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3
Q

types of extra oral views

A
  • panoramics
  • Cone Beam CT
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4
Q

what is radiolucent and radiopaque

A

radiolucent: beam is less attenuated - appear darker
radiopaque: beam is more attenuated - appear lighter

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5
Q

what bitewings are for

A
  • interproximal caries of posterior
  • alveolar bone level
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6
Q

triangular radiolucency at CEJ

A

Cervical Burnout

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7
Q

explain phenonmenon of cervical burnout

A
  • radiolucent at CEJ
  • increased X-ray penetration in the neck of the tooth due to its anatomical shape and decreased density
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8
Q

radiopauqe zone under amalgam

A

due to Sn & Zn ions releasing into demineralised dentine

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9
Q

whats Mach Band Effect

A
  • optical illusion by retina
  • bright areas look brighter, dark looks darker
  • misleading
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10
Q

caries appearance in dentine and enamel

A

enamel: triangular
dentine: fuzzy, ill-defined margin

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11
Q

usage of PAs

A
  • periapical pathology
  • bone leves of single tooth
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12
Q

types of upper and lower occlusal views

A

upper

  • anterior oblique maxillary
  • lateral oblique maxillary

lower

  • true mandibular occlusal
  • anterior oblique mandibular

Occlusal: image receptor is placed on the occl plane

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13
Q

What’s the indication of occlusal views

A
  • PA assessment of the upper anterior , unable to tolerate periapical holders
  • Unerupted canines, supernumeraries and odontomes
  • parallax method for determining the bucco/palatal position of unerupted canines
  • Evaluation of the size and extent of lesions such as cysts or tumours in the anterior maxilla
  • Assessment of fractures of the anterior teeth and alveolar bone.
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14
Q

what type of view

A

anterior oblique maxillary

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15
Q

what type of view

A

lateral oblique maxillary

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16
Q

what type of view

A

true mandibular occlusal

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17
Q

description of lesion

A
  • site
  • estimated size/ extent
  • shape
  • margins/ outine (corticated)
  • surrounding structure and affect
  • unilocular/ multilocular
  • radiodensity
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18
Q

curve of spee/ wilson

A

spee: occlusal curvature
wilson: curvature across arch curvature

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19
Q

What does ALARP stand for

Study These Flashcards
A

as low as reasonably practicable

20
Q

guidance on using x-ray safely

Study These Flashcards
A

Faculty of General Dental Practice

21
Q

OPT full name

Study These Flashcards
A

orthopantomogram

22
Q

whats tomography

Study These Flashcards
A

slices of image - no overlapping

23
Q

OPT receptor and x-ray beam position

Study These Flashcards
A

receptor in front
x-ray beam behind

24
Q

focal trough

Study These Flashcards
A
  • structure on it will appear clearly
  • tomographic slice of interest
  • thinner at the incisor region
  • anything out of “normal” dental arch will be blurry
25
OPT limitation/ contraindication/ disadvantages
- longer expoure time (Mobility eg parkinsons ) - ectopic tooth out of focal trough - more superimposition/ artefacts - worse clarity - higher radioation dose (**5x more than PA**) - anterior superimposed by cervical spine
26
OPT advnatages
- capture full dentition - capture non-dental areas (condyles /max sinus/ rami) - no need of intra-oral holders (gaggers/ children/ trauma)
27
how to adjust OPT for better view for interdental bone loss and IP caries?
Orthogonal program
28
OPT - structure lingual/ buccal to focal trough **magnified more**?
Lingual | - as x-ray beam is from behind ot (lingual) - more time under x-ray
29
OPT - whats the verticl angulation of beam
- **8 degree above horizontal** - angled upwards | -to reduce superimposition of hard palate
30
estimation of effective dose of each radiographic view
| unit: Micro Sieverts
31
OPT - how to reduce radiation dose
field limitatio eg half / mid face OPT
32
OPT- what happen if pt chin down/ up
down: smiling occlusal plane up: flat occlusal plane
33
OPT - what happen if mid-sagittal plane not centred
distortion of one / both side
34
OPT what happen if pt slumped
excessive cervial spine shadow
35
OPT- what happem if pt stand too back/forward
Blurry (out of focal trough) front : incisors appear narrower back: incisors appear wider
36
Ghost shadow appearance
- magnified - blurry - higher - opposite side
37
selection criteria is based on
selection criteria for dental radiography by the **FGDP** (Faculty of General Dental Practice UK)
38
OPT selection criteria FGDP
only when presence of specific clinicla signs and symptoms - not routine screening
39
some OPT indication
- generalised caries - perio bone assess (not ideal anteriors) - bony lesion (cyst ) - 3rd molar - ortho assessment - mandibular # - max sinus pathology - TMD - pre-implant planning
40
PA vs OPT | adv of each
Pa - higher resolution - greater for anterior - capture in split second (less movement artefact) OPT: - more anatomical structure shown - lower dose than full mouth PA - no intra oral receptors (gagging) - less time consuming
41
bitewing vs OPT | adv of each
bw: - higher resolution - Good for IP caries (less overlapping) - lower dose (if L+R) OPT - show periapical region
42
what lateral ceph good for?
- relationship of jaws - angulation of ant teeth - ortho assessment
43
CBCT advantages
- 3 D images - looking at diff angles - multiple slices
44
possible pathology of pa radiolucency
1. Periapical Abscess 2. Periapical Granuloma 3. Radicular (Periapical) Cyst 4. Osteomyelitis 5. Traumatic Bone Cyst 6. Pulpal Necrosis
45
possible causes of widening of PDL (w/o PA radiolucency)
- Occlusal Trauma - Early Stage of Infection or Inflammation - Orthodontic Movement treatment. - Traumatic Injury - Systemic Diseases
46
possible pathology of pa radiopacity
* condensing osteitis * idiopathic osteosclerosis * cemento-osseous dysplasia * Hypercementosis * Cementoblastoma

Radiology (4 decks)

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